ECON 2030 Chapter : Comparative Advantage Illustration UPDATE
Document Summary
Get access
Related Questions
You are given the following production possibilities table for country A and country B in bread and butter production.
| Bread | Butter | |
| A | 20 | 2 |
| B | 6 | 12 |
1) Which country has an absolute advantage in bread production?
2) Which country has an absolute advantage in butter production?
3) Make an opportunity cost table for the two countries.
4) Which country has a comparative advantage in bread production?
5) Which country has a comparative advantage in butter production?
6) Construct a table of production for the two countries with specialization. What is the total quantity of bread produced and what is the total quantity of butter produced?
7) Write the equation for the production possibility line for country A.
8) If country A chooses to produce 1 unit of butter, what quantity of bread can it produce?
9) Write the equation for the production possibility line for country B.
10) If country B chooses to produce 8 units of butter, what quantity of bread can it produce?
3. Gains from trade
Consider two neighboring island countries called Euphoria and Contente. They each have 4 million labor hours available per week that they can use to produce rye, jeans, or a combination of both. The following table shows the amount of rye or jeans that can be produced using 1 hour of labor.
| Country | Rye | Jeans |
|---|---|---|
| (Bushels per hour of labor) | (Pairs per hour of labor) | |
| Euphoria | 8 | 32 |
| Contente | 12 | 24 |
Initially, suppose Contente uses 1 million hours of labor per week to produce rye and 3 million hours per week to produce jeans, while Euphoria uses 3 million hours of labor per week to produce rye and 1 million hours per week to produce jeans. Consequently, Euphoria produces 24 million bushels of rye and 32 million pairs of jeans, and Contente produces 12 million bushels of rye and 72 million pairs of jeans. Assume there are no other countries willing to trade goods, so, in the absence of trade between these two countries, each country consumes the amount of rye and jeans it produces.
Euphoria's opportunity cost of producing 1 bushel of rye isï¼ ï¼ of jeans, and Contente's opportunity cost of producing 1 bushel of rye isï¼ ï¼ of jeans. Therefore, ï¼ ï¼has a comparative advantage in the production of rye, andï¼ ï¼ has a comparative advantage in the production of jeans.
Suppose that each country completely specializes in the production of the good in which it has a comparative advantage, producing only that good. In this case, the country that produces rye will produce ï¼ ï¼million bushels per week, and the country that produces jeans will produce ï¼ ï¼ million pairs per week.
In the following table, enter each country's prod uction decision on the third row of the table (marked "Production").
Suppose the country that produces rye trades 26 million bushels of rye to the other country in exchange for 78 million pairs of jeans.
In the following table, select the amount of each good that each country exports and imports in the boxes across the row marked "Trade Action," and enter each country's final consumption of each good on the line marked "Consumption."
When the two countries did not specialize, the total production of rye was 36 million bushels per week, and the total production of jeans was 104 million pairs per week. Because of specialization, the total production of rye has increased byï¼ ï¼million bushels per week, and the total production of jeans has increased by ï¼ ï¼million pairs per week.
Because the two countries produce more rye and more jeans under specialization, each country is able to gain from trade.
Calculate the gains from tradeâthat is, the amount by which each country has increased its consumption of each good relative to the first row of the table. In the following table, enter this difference in the boxes across the last row (marked "Increase in Consumption").
| Euphoria | Contente | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rye | Jeans | Rye | Jeans | |
| (Millions of bushels) | (Millions of pairs) | (Millions of bushels) | (Millions of pairs) | |
| Without Trade | ||||
| Production | 24 | 32 | 12 | 72 |
| Consumption | 24 | 32 | 12 | 72 |
| With Trade | ||||
| Production | ||||
| Trade action | ||||
| Consumption | ||||
| Gains from Trade | ||||
| Increase in Consumption | ||||
Consider two neighboring island countries called Felicidad and Contente. They each have 4 million labor hours available per month that they can use to produce jeans, corn, or a combination of both. The following table shows the amount of jeans or corn that can be produced using 1 hour of labor.
| Country | Jeans | Corn |
|---|---|---|
| (Pairs per hour of labor) | (Bushels per hour of labor) | |
| Felicidad | 8 | 32 |
| Contente | 12 | 24 |
Initially, suppose Contente uses 1 million hours of labor per month to produce jeans and 3 million hours per month to produce corn, while Felicidad uses 3 million hours of labor per month to produce jeans and 1 million hours per month to produce corn. Consequently, Felicidad produces 24 million pairs of jeans and 32 million bushels of corn, and Contente produces 12 million pairs of jeans and 72 million bushels of corn. Assume there are no other countries willing to trade goods, so, in the absence of trade between these two countries, each country consumes the amount of jeans and corn it produces.
Felicidad's opportunity cost of producing 1 pair of jeans is______ bushels of corn, and Contente's opportunity cost of producing 1 pair of jeans is______â bushels of corn. Therefore,______ has a comparative advantage in the production of jeans, and______ has a comparative advantage in the production of corn.
Suppose that each country completely specializes in the production of the good in which it has a comparative advantage, producing only that good. In this case, the country that produces jeans will produce______million pairs per month, and the country that produces corn will produce______million bushels per month.
In the following table, enter each country's production decision on the third row of the table (marked "Production").
Suppose the country that produces jeans trades 26 million pairs of jeans to the other country in exchange for 78 million bushels of corn.
In the following table, select the amount of each good that each country exports and imports in the boxes across the row marked "Trade Action," and enter each country's final consumption of each good on the line marked "Consumption."
When the two countries did not specialize, the total production of jeans was 36 million pairs per month, and the total production of corn was 104 million bushels per month. Because of specialization, the total production of jeans has increased by______million pairs per month, and the total production of corn has increased by______million bushels per month.
Because the two countries produce more jeans and more corn under specialization, each country is able to gain from trade.
Calculate the gains from tradeâthat is, the amount by which each country has increased its consumption of each good relative to the first row of the table. In the following table, enter this difference in the boxes across the last row (marked "Increase in Consumption").
| Felicidad | Contente | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jeans | Corn | Jeans | Corn | |
| (Millions of pairs) | (Millions of bushels) | (Millions of pairs) | (Millions of bushels) | |
| Without Trade | ||||
| Production | 24 | 32 | 12 | 72 |
| Consumption | 24 | 32 | 12 | 72 |
| With Trade | ||||
| Production | ||||
| Trade action | ||||
| Consumption | ||||
| Gains from Trade | ||||
| Increase in Consumption | ||||