HIST 1001 Chapter : Notes Crusades And Religious Medieval Chapters
Those who work 11/26/2012 4:47:00 PM
Manor
Peasants
Serfs
Scratch Plow
Heavy plow
Horse collar
Windmill
• For grain
• People eating more- bigger population
• Push for more and more land under cultivation
• Reclaiming swampy land now
• More land in cultivation in Europe than any other time
Watermill
Three field system
• One field has grain, one field has beans or legume, and one is
Fallum
• Instead of having only 50% of your land under cultivation. Now 2/3
is.
• Variety to a peasant diet that was once just grain, bread and ale.
• Some peasants had a little pork and chicken and cow but not a lot
of meat in diet
• The fish and deer in woods were they lord’s so you cant hunt for
your own meat
Monks
• Open to men and woman
• Copy manuscripts
• Monastic life or prayer
• Priesthood was another hierarchical profession (male only)
• Life outside society
Cluny= Cluniacs
Citreaux = Cistercians
Medieval Papacy
• Growth in medieval papacy
• Who has supreme power? Holy Roman Emperor or Pope?
o It was strained in the middle ages
o Remember Charlemagne going to Pope leo the III and being
names Holy Roman Emporer
• Investiture Controversy
o Who was allowed to create bishops
o No bishops should be appointed by the pope
o The emporer bascically tries to arrest the pope
o Pope has to escape to southern italy from rome
o Emporer appoints own pope (his buddy)
o Gets resolved after a century
o 2 parts in investiture (candidates must be approved by both
sides)
• Pope Urban II 1088-1099
o One of the sucessors of Gregory the 7th
o Spends his papacy not in rome but travelling around in
friendly areas (France)
o His papacy begins an absolutely new unique event in the
middle ages (CRUSADES)
o Innovations changes (seems scary to some) lots of radical
changes going on even in the agricultural world
o The crusdades can be pinpointed with an accuracy that we
usually don’t have in history in the middle ages (we can tell
you exactly when it happens)
o It starts with a sermon by Pope Urban
o In his sermon that he gives in Clermont
o It is a sermon about how the young French warriors hav a
duty, a duty to go and free the holy land because now it is in
the hand of the muslims
o Problem is that he is giving the sermon in 1095
o Jerusalem surrender to muslim control in 637
o Actually the holy land had been under muslim control in quite
a few centurys
