FIN 465 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Deferral, Retained Earnings, Accounts Payable
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22 May 2017
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Working capital is the arithmetic difference between two balance sheet-aggregated accounts: current assets and current liabilities: working capital = current assets current liabilities. Cash accounts & short-term investments accounts categories include cash on hand and in the bank accounts, and any short-term investments that are expected to be turned into cash within one year. Accounts receivable category of current assets includes all credit sales where the customer is expected to pay by a future date specified on an invoice. Inventory most companies hold some combination of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. Payables the accounts payable account represents the amounts owed to creditors for purchases. Other working capital accounts prepaid expenses and accrued expenses often appear on balance sheets. Bank refers to commercial banks, although other financial services companies and some vendors provide many of the services described. Float refers to funds in the process of collection or disbursement.
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Joshua & White Technologies: December 31 Balance Sheets | ||||||
(Thousands of Dollars) | ||||||
Assets | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $21,000 | $20,000 | ||||
Short-term investments | 3,759 | 3,240 | ||||
Accounts Receivable | 52,500 | 48,000 | ||||
Inventories | 84,000 | 56,000 | ||||
Total current assets | $161,259 | $127,240 | ||||
Net fixed assets | 218,400 | 200,000 | ||||
Total assets | $379,659 | $327,240 | ||||
Liabilities and equity | ||||||
Accounts payable | $33,600 | $32,000 | ||||
Accruals | 12,600 | 12,000 | ||||
Notes payable | 19,929 | 6,480 | ||||
Total current liabilities | $66,129 | $50,480 | ||||
Long-term debt | 67,662 | 58,320 | ||||
Total liabilities | $133,791 | $108,800 | ||||
Common stock | 183,793 | 178,440 | ||||
Retained Earnings | 62,075 | 40,000 | ||||
Total common equity | $245,868 | $218,440 | ||||
Total liabilities and equity | $379,659 | $327,240 | ||||
Joshua & White Technologies December 31 Income Statements | ||||||
(Thousands of Dollars) | ||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||
Sales | $420,000 | $400,000 | ||||
Expenses excluding depr. and amort. | 327,600 | 320,000 | ||||
EBITDA | $92,400 | $80,000 | ||||
Depreciation and Amortization | 19,660 | 18,000 | ||||
EBIT | $72,740 | $62,000 | ||||
Interest Expense | 5,740 | 4,460 | ||||
EBT | $67,000 | $57,540 | ||||
Taxes (40%) | 26,800 | 23,016 | ||||
Net Income | $40,200 | $34,524 | ||||
Common dividends | $18,125 | $17,262 | ||||
Addition to retained earnings | $22,075 | $17,262 | ||||
Other Data | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Year-end Stock Price | $90.00 | $96.00 | ||||
# of shares (Thousands) | 4,052 | 4,000 | ||||
Lease payment (Thousands of Dollars) | $20,000 | $20,000 | ||||
Sinking fund payment (Thousands of Dollars) | $0 | $0 | ||||
Ratio Analysis | 2010 | 2009 | Industry Avg | |||
Liquidity Ratios | ||||||
Current Ratio | 2.38 | 2.52 | 2.58 | |||
Quick Ratio | 1.17 | 1.41 | 1.53 | |||
Asset Management Ratios | ||||||
Inventory Turnover | 1.11 | 1.22 | 7.69 | |||
Days Sales Outstanding | 45.63 | 43.80 | 47.45 | |||
Fixed Assets Turnover | 1.92 | 2.00 | 2.04 | |||
Total Assets Turnover | 3.81 | 5.64 | 1.23 | |||
Debt Management Ratios | ||||||
Debt Ratio | 32.1% | |||||
Times-interest-earned ratio | 15.33 | |||||
EBITDA coverage ratio | 4.18 | |||||
Profitability Ratios | ||||||
Profit Margin | 9.57% | 8.63% | 8.86% | |||
Basic Earning Power | 19.16% | 18.95% | 19.48% | |||
Return on Assets | 10.59% | 10.55% | 10.93% | |||
Return on Equity | 21.87% | 19.35% | 16.10% | |||
Market Value Ratios | ||||||
Earnings per share | NA | |||||
Price-to-earnings ratio | 10.65 | |||||
Cash flow per share | NA | |||||
Price-to-cash flow ratio | 7.11 | |||||
Book Value per share | NA | |||||
Market-to-book ratio | 1.72 | |||||
a. Has Joshua & White's liquidity position improved or worsened? Explain. | ||||||
The position of JW has worsend because there ration has fallen from 1.41 to 1.17 | ||||||
b. Has Joshua & White's ability to manage its assets improved or worsened? Explain. | ||||||
c. How has Joshua & White's profitability changed during the last year? | ||||||
d. Perform an extended Du Pont analysis for Joshua & White for 2008 and 2009. | ||||||
ROE = | PM x | TA Turnover x Equity Multiplier | ||||
2010 | ||||||
2009 | ||||||
e. Perform a common size analysis. What has happened to the composition | ||||||
(that is, percentage in each category) of assets and liabilities? | ||||||
Common Size Balance Sheets | ||||||
Assets | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||
Accounts Receivable | ||||||
Inventories | ||||||
Total current assets | ||||||
Net fixed assets | ||||||
Total assets | ||||||
Liabilities and equity | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Accounts payable | ||||||
Accruals | ||||||
Notes payable | ||||||
Total current liabilities | ||||||
Long-term debt | ||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||
Common stock | ||||||
Retained Earnings | ||||||
Total common equity | ||||||
Total liabilities and equity | ||||||
Common Size Income Statements | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Sales | ||||||
Expenses excluding depr. and amort. | ||||||
EBITDA | ||||||
Depreciation and Amortization | ||||||
EBIT | ||||||
Interest Expense | ||||||
EBT | ||||||
Taxes (40%) | ||||||
Net Income | ||||||
f. Perform a percent change analysis. What does this tell you about the change in profitability | ||||||
and asset utilization? | ||||||
Percent Change Balance Sheets | Base | |||||
Assets | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||
Accounts Receivable | ||||||
Inventories | ||||||
Total current assets | ||||||
Net fixed assets | ||||||
Total assets | ||||||
Base | ||||||
Liabilities and equity | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Accounts payable | ||||||
Accruals | ||||||
Notes payable | ||||||
Total current liabilities | ||||||
Long-term debt | ||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||
Common stock | ||||||
Retained Earnings | ||||||
Total common equity | ||||||
Total liabilities and equity | ||||||
Base | ||||||
Percent Change Income Statements | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Sales | ||||||
Expenses excluding depr. and amort. | ||||||
EBITDA | ||||||
Depreciation and Amortization | ||||||
EBIT | ||||||
Interest Expense | ||||||
EBT | ||||||
Taxes (40%) | ||||||
Net Income | ||||||
Joshua & White Technologies: December 31 Balance Sheets | ||||||
(Thousands of Dollars) | ||||||
Assets | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $21,000 | $20,000 | ||||
Short-term investments | 3,759 | 3,240 | ||||
Accounts Receivable | 52,500 | 48,000 | ||||
Inventories | 84,000 | 56,000 | ||||
Total current assets | $161,259 | $127,240 | ||||
Net fixed assets | 218,400 | 200,000 | ||||
Total assets | $379,659 | $327,240 | ||||
Liabilities and equity | ||||||
Accounts payable | $33,600 | $32,000 | ||||
Accruals | 12,600 | 12,000 | ||||
Notes payable | 19,929 | 6,480 | ||||
Total current liabilities | $66,129 | $50,480 | ||||
Long-term debt | 67,662 | 58,320 | ||||
Total liabilities | $133,791 | $108,800 | ||||
Common stock | 183,793 | 178,440 | ||||
Retained Earnings | 62,075 | 40,000 | ||||
Total common equity | $245,868 | $218,440 | ||||
Total liabilities and equity | $379,659 | $327,240 | ||||
Joshua & White Technologies December 31 Income Statements | ||||||
(Thousands of Dollars) | ||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||
Sales | $420,000 | $400,000 | ||||
Expenses excluding depr. and amort. | 327,600 | 320,000 | ||||
EBITDA | $92,400 | $80,000 | ||||
Depreciation and Amortization | 19,660 | 18,000 | ||||
EBIT | $72,740 | $62,000 | ||||
Interest Expense | 5,740 | 4,460 | ||||
EBT | $67,000 | $57,540 | ||||
Taxes (40%) | 26,800 | 23,016 | ||||
Net Income | $40,200 | $34,524 | ||||
Common dividends | $18,125 | $17,262 | ||||
Addition to retained earnings | $22,075 | $17,262 | ||||
Other Data | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Year-end Stock Price | $90.00 | $96.00 | ||||
# of shares (Thousands) | 4,052 | 4,000 | ||||
Lease payment (Thousands of Dollars) | $20,000 | $20,000 | ||||
Sinking fund payment (Thousands of Dollars) | $0 | $0 | ||||
Ratio Analysis | 2010 | 2009 | Industry Avg | |||
Liquidity Ratios | ||||||
Current Ratio | 2.38 | 2.52 | 2.58 | |||
Quick Ratio | 1.17 | 1.41 | 1.53 | |||
Asset Management Ratios | ||||||
Inventory Turnover | 1.11 | 1.22 | 7.69 | |||
Days Sales Outstanding | 45.63 | 43.80 | 47.45 | |||
Fixed Assets Turnover | 1.92 | 2.00 | 2.04 | |||
Total Assets Turnover | 3.81 | 5.64 | 1.23 | |||
Debt Management Ratios | ||||||
Debt Ratio | 32.1% | |||||
Times-interest-earned ratio | 15.33 | |||||
EBITDA coverage ratio | 4.18 | |||||
Profitability Ratios | ||||||
Profit Margin | 9.57% | 8.63% | 8.86% | |||
Basic Earning Power | 19.16% | 18.95% | 19.48% | |||
Return on Assets | 10.59% | 10.55% | 10.93% | |||
Return on Equity | 21.87% | 19.35% | 16.10% | |||
Market Value Ratios | ||||||
Earnings per share | NA | |||||
Price-to-earnings ratio | 10.65 | |||||
Cash flow per share | NA | |||||
Price-to-cash flow ratio | 7.11 | |||||
Book Value per share | NA | |||||
Market-to-book ratio | 1.72 | |||||
a. Has Joshua & White's liquidity position improved or worsened? Explain. | ||||||
The position of JW has worsend because there ration has fallen from 1.41 to 1.17 | ||||||
b. Has Joshua & White's ability to manage its assets improved or worsened? Explain. | ||||||
c. How has Joshua & White's profitability changed during the last year? | ||||||
d. Perform an extended Du Pont analysis for Joshua & White for 2008 and 2009. | ||||||
ROE = | PM x | TA Turnover x Equity Multiplier | ||||
2010 | ||||||
2009 | ||||||
e. Perform a common size analysis. What has happened to the composition | ||||||
(that is, percentage in each category) of assets and liabilities? | ||||||
Common Size Balance Sheets | ||||||
Assets | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||
Accounts Receivable | ||||||
Inventories | ||||||
Total current assets | ||||||
Net fixed assets | ||||||
Total assets | ||||||
Liabilities and equity | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Accounts payable | ||||||
Accruals | ||||||
Notes payable | ||||||
Total current liabilities | ||||||
Long-term debt | ||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||
Common stock | ||||||
Retained Earnings | ||||||
Total common equity | ||||||
Total liabilities and equity | ||||||
Common Size Income Statements | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Sales | ||||||
Expenses excluding depr. and amort. | ||||||
EBITDA | ||||||
Depreciation and Amortization | ||||||
EBIT | ||||||
Interest Expense | ||||||
EBT | ||||||
Taxes (40%) | ||||||
Net Income | ||||||
f. Perform a percent change analysis. What does this tell you about the change in profitability | ||||||
and asset utilization? | ||||||
Percent Change Balance Sheets | Base | |||||
Assets | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||
Accounts Receivable | ||||||
Inventories | ||||||
Total current assets | ||||||
Net fixed assets | ||||||
Total assets | ||||||
Base | ||||||
Liabilities and equity | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Accounts payable | ||||||
Accruals | ||||||
Notes payable | ||||||
Total current liabilities | ||||||
Long-term debt | ||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||
Common stock | ||||||
Retained Earnings | ||||||
Total common equity | ||||||
Total liabilities and equity | ||||||
Base | ||||||
Percent Change Income Statements | 2010 | 2009 | ||||
Sales | ||||||
Expenses excluding depr. and amort. | ||||||
EBITDA | ||||||
Depreciation and Amortization | ||||||
EBIT | ||||||
Interest Expense | ||||||
EBT | ||||||
Taxes (40%) | ||||||
Net Income | ||||||
What is the return on Invested Capital (ROIC) for the financial data? (PLEASE SHOW WORK SO I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THIS WAS DONE. Thank you)
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO (GE) CashFlowFlag BALANCE SHEET | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2014-12 | 2015-12 |
Assets | ||
Current assets | ||
Cash | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | 90208 | 70483 |
Short-term investments | 47907 | 31973 |
Total cash | 138115 | 102456 |
Receivables | 23237 | 27022 |
Inventories | 17689 | 22515 |
Other current assets | 233911 | 18834 |
Total current assets | 412952 | 170827 |
Non-current assets | ||
Property, plant and equipment | ||
Gross property, plant and equipment | 113321 | 90961 |
Accumulated Depreciation | -46934 | -35927 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 66387 | 54095 |
Equity and other investments | 33822 | 12673 |
Goodwill | 76553 | 65526 |
Intangible assets | 14156 | 16745 |
Deferred income taxes | 2541 | 3105 |
Other long-term assets | 41938 | 169721 |
Total non-current assets | 235397 | 321865 |
Total assets | 648349 | 492692 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||
Liabilities | ||
Current liabilities | ||
Short-term debt | 79231 | 50810 |
Accounts payable | 16338 | 13680 |
Accrued liabilities | 12537 | 15776 |
Other current liabilities | 54990 | 25764 |
Total current liabilities | 163096 | 106030 |
Non-current liabilities | ||
Long-term debt | 222910 | 147466 |
Deferred taxes liabilities | ||
Pensions and other benefits | 40487 | |
Minority interest | 8674 | 1864 |
Other long-term liabilities | 125510 | 98571 |
Total non-current liabilities | 357094 | 288388 |
Total liabilities | 520190 | 394418 |
Stockholders' equity | ||
Preferred stock | 6 | |
Common stock | 702 | 702 |
Additional paid-in capital | 32889 | 37613 |
Retained earnings | 155333 | 140020 |
Treasury stock | -42593 | -63539 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | -18172 | -16528 |
Total stockholders' equity | 128159 | 98274 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | 648349 | 492692 |
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO (GE) CashFlowFlag INCOME STATEMENT | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2014-12 | 2015-12 |
Revenue | 148589 | 117386 |
Cost of revenue | 81311 | 82693 |
Gross profit | 67278 | 34693 |
Operating expenses | ||
Sales, General and administrative | 30572 | 17831 |
Other operating expenses | 9995 | |
Total operating expenses | 40567 | 17831 |
Operating income | 26711 | 16862 |
Interest Expense | 9482 | 3463 |
Other income (expense) | -5213 | |
Income before taxes | 17229 | 8186 |
Provision for income taxes | 1772 | 6486 |
Net income from continuing operations | 15457 | 1700 |
Net income from discontinuing ops | -112 | -7495 |
Other | -112 | -331 |
Net income | 15233 | -6126 |
Preferred dividend | 18 | |
Net income available to common shareholders | 15233 | -6144 |
Earnings per share | ||
Basic | 1.51 | -0.62 |
Diluted | 1.5 | -0.61 |
Weighted average shares outstanding | ||
Basic | 10045 | 9944 |
Diluted | 10123 | 10016 |
EBITDA | 35994 | 16496 |
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO (GE) Statement of CASH FLOW | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2014-12 | 2015-12 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities | ||
Net income | 15345 | -6126 |
Depreciation & amortization | 9283 | 4847 |
Deferred income taxes | -1186 | 383 |
(Gain) Loss from discontinued operations | 112 | 7495 |
Accounts receivable | ||
Inventory | -872 | -314 |
Accounts payable | 305 | -541 |
Other working capital | -2428 | -1048 |
Other non-cash items | 7151 | 15195 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 27710 | 19891 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities | ||
Investments in property, plant, and equipment | -13727 | -7309 |
Property, plant, and equipment reductions | 6262 | 3020 |
Acquisitions, net | 311 | -9744 |
Sales/Maturities of investments | ||
Other investing activities | 2124 | 73521 |
Net cash used for investing activities | -5030 | 59488 |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities | ||
Debt issued | 37548 | 13951 |
Debt repayment | -47038 | |
Preferred stock issued | ||
Common stock issued | 2842 | |
Dividend paid | -8851 | -9295 |
Other financing activities | -48497 | -33672 |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | -16958 | -76054 |
Effect of exchange rate changes | -3492 | -3464 |
Net change in cash | 2230 | -139 |
Cash at beginning of period | 88787 | 91017 |
Cash at end of period | 91017 | 90878 |
Free Cash Flow | ||
Operating cash flow | 27710 | 19891 |
Capital expenditure | -13727 | -7309 |
Free cash flow | 13983 | 12582 |