EAR-20 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Display Rules, The Emotions
Document Summary
The first step in the development of emotional knowledge is the recognition of different emotions in others. By 4 to 7 months, infants can distinguish certain emotional expressions, such as happiness and surprise. At 8 to 12 months, children demonstrate social referencing, the use of a parent"s facial, gestural, or vocal cues to decide how to deal with novel, ambiguous, or possibly threatening situations. By age 3, children in laboratory studies demonstrate a rudimentary ability to label a fairly narrow range of emotional expression. Young children are best at labeling happiness, with the ability to distinguish among different negative emotions gradually appearing the late preschool and early school years. Most children cannot label more complex emotions until early- to mid- elementary school. The ability to discriminate and label different emotions helps children respond appropriately to their own and others" emotions. Social referencing: relying on another person"s emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation. Understanding the causes and dynamics of emotion.
