COMM 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17: Johannes Gutenberg, Thomas Edison, Email
Chapter 17
Communication and Media
Media and You
Media
Collection of various channels of communication
○
Plural form of medium
○
•
Media convergence
Describe the increasing interconnection of media content and
communication technology
○
•
Print media
Johannes Gutenberg
○
Result from the application of ink to paper, as in newspapers,
magazines, and books
○
•
Sound media
Refers to mediated message that you listen to, rather than read or
watch
○
Thomas Edison
○
•
Image media
Composed of television programs and movies, combine sound with
visual stimuli
○
Blockbusters
Films that were highly successful financially
§
○
Gerald Levin
○
•
Electronic and social media
Search engines
○
Computer-mediated messaging
○
Email
A term that means electronic mail and refers to messages
exchanged through a computer network
§
○
Spam
Email messages sent indiscriminately to thousands of
recipients at once, often to advertise a product or service
§
○
Social media
User-generated websites offering content that individual users
construct for delivery to mass audiences
§
○
Blogs
Term that is short for web logs, are websites providing news,
commentary, or personal diary entries from the user often
along with comments from visitors
§
○
Social network sites
Websites that allow users to meet, communicate, and share
information online
§
○
Media sites
Websites on which people can share audio-visual messages
§
○
Microblogging
Combination of blogging and texting supported by the website
Twitter
§
○
Instant messaging
Form of text communication that occurs instantaneously
between two or more connected users
§
○
Texting
Instant messaging with cell phones, or apps, rather than on
computers
§
○
•
Making Media Choices
Selective exposure
A process whereby we seek media messages that match our values
rather than those that do not
○
•
Uses and gratifications
Leads researchers to explore other needs media messages fulfill for
people
○
•
Media and Society
Media effects
Influences media have on people's everyday lives
○
•
Why Do Media Messages Affect Us?
Agenda-setting theory
Media tell people what to think about by determining what they
watch, read, and hear
○
•
Cultivation theory
Television encourages--or cultivates-- a distorted view of the world
among heavy viewers
○
Suggests a distinction between the "real world" and the "television
world"
○
•
How Do Media Messages Affect Us?
Media messages affect economics
Advertising
Communication intended to promote the purchase of a
product or service
§
○
Coupons
Documents a consumer can exchange for discounts or rebates
on a product or service
§
○
Product placement
Involves featuring particular brands in the storyline of a
movie, television show, book, or even comic strip
§
○
•
Media messages affect politics
Political advertising
Consists of media messages designed to influence people's
political decisions
§
○
•
Media messages affect health and wellness
Health campaigns
Coordinated media messages that encourage the audience to
take specific steps to increase or protect physical and mental
health
§
○
George Gerbner
○
Desensitization theory
People's acceptance of real-life violence grows as they see
more violence reflected in the media
§
○
Catalytic theory
Watching violence in the media can encourage real-life
violence, but only if other influences are also present
§
○
•
How Do We Hold Media Accountable?
Media oversight
Equal time rule
Requires stations to offer competing political parties equal
access to the airwaves
§
○
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Federal law requiring that all television sets 13 inches or larger
manufactured after January 1, 2000, include a V-chip
§
V-chip
Device allowing television owners to block access to
certain types of programs
□
§
Fairness doctrine
Law that required broadcasters to air all sides of a public
issue
□
§
○
•
Media activism
Coordinated efforts to express displeasure with media messages
and to force changes in their content
○
Mainstream media
Media channels that reach the broadest audiences
§
○
Alternative media
Media channels that give voice to a wider range of viewpoints
§
○
•
Movie and television programming guidelines
Motion Picture Production (Hays Code)
Distinguished acceptable and unacceptable content for
movies in the US
§
○
Motion picture rating system
Means of evaluating a film's sustainability for various
audiences
§
○
TV parental guidelines
System for rating the content of television shows
§
○
•
Improving Your Media Literacy
Media literacy
An assessment of your competence in evaluating media messages
and their effects
○
•
Practice Media Awareness
Recognize the message form •
Separate the message from the messenger•
Consider the source•
Beware of media limitations •
Guard Against Bias
Become a media activist •
Chapter 17 Notes
Wednesday, April 25, 2018
6:28 PM
Chapter 17
Communication and Media
Media and You
Media
Collection of various channels of communication
○
Plural form of medium
○
•
Media convergence
Describe the increasing interconnection of media content and
communication technology
○
•
Print media
Johannes Gutenberg
○
Result from the application of ink to paper, as in newspapers,
magazines, and books
○
•
Sound media
Refers to mediated message that you listen to, rather than read or
watch
○
Thomas Edison
○
•
Image media
Composed of television programs and movies, combine sound with
visual stimuli
○
Blockbusters
Films that were highly successful financially
§
○
Gerald Levin
○
•
Electronic and social media
Search engines
○
Computer-mediated messaging
○
Email
A term that means electronic mail and refers to messages
exchanged through a computer network
§
○
Spam
Email messages sent indiscriminately to thousands of
recipients at once, often to advertise a product or service
§
○
Social media
User-generated websites offering content that individual users
construct for delivery to mass audiences
§
○
Blogs
Term that is short for web logs, are websites providing news,
commentary, or personal diary entries from the user often
along with comments from visitors
§
○
Social network sites
Websites that allow users to meet, communicate, and share
information online
§
○
Media sites
Websites on which people can share audio-visual messages
§
○
Microblogging
Combination of blogging and texting supported by the website
Twitter
§
○
Instant messaging
Form of text communication that occurs instantaneously
between two or more connected users
§
○
Texting
Instant messaging with cell phones, or apps, rather than on
computers
§
○
•
Making Media Choices
Selective exposure
A process whereby we seek media messages that match our values
rather than those that do not
○
•
Uses and gratifications
Leads researchers to explore other needs media messages fulfill for
people
○
•
Media and Society
Media effects
Influences media have on people's everyday lives
○
•
Why Do Media Messages Affect Us?
Agenda-setting theory
Media tell people what to think about by determining what they
watch, read, and hear
○
•
Cultivation theory
Television encourages--or cultivates-- a distorted view of the world
among heavy viewers
○
Suggests a distinction between the "real world" and the "television
world"
○
•
How Do Media Messages Affect Us?
Media messages affect economics
Advertising
Communication intended to promote the purchase of a
product or service
§
○
Coupons
Documents a consumer can exchange for discounts or rebates
on a product or service
§
○
Product placement
Involves featuring particular brands in the storyline of a
movie, television show, book, or even comic strip
§
○
•
Media messages affect politics
Political advertising
Consists of media messages designed to influence people's
political decisions
§
○
•
Media messages affect health and wellness
Health campaigns
Coordinated media messages that encourage the audience to
take specific steps to increase or protect physical and mental
health
§
○
George Gerbner
○
Desensitization theory
People's acceptance of real-life violence grows as they see
more violence reflected in the media
§
○
Catalytic theory
Watching violence in the media can encourage real-life
violence, but only if other influences are also present
§
○
•
How Do We Hold Media Accountable?
Media oversight
Equal time rule
Requires stations to offer competing political parties equal
access to the airwaves
§
○
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Federal law requiring that all television sets 13 inches or larger
manufactured after January 1, 2000, include a V-chip
§
V-chip
Device allowing television owners to block access to
certain types of programs
□
§
Fairness doctrine
Law that required broadcasters to air all sides of a public
issue
□
§
○
•
Media activism
Coordinated efforts to express displeasure with media messages
and to force changes in their content
○
Mainstream media
Media channels that reach the broadest audiences
§
○
Alternative media
Media channels that give voice to a wider range of viewpoints
§
○
•
Movie and television programming guidelines
Motion Picture Production (Hays Code)
Distinguished acceptable and unacceptable content for
movies in the US
§
○
Motion picture rating system
Means of evaluating a film's sustainability for various
audiences
§
○
TV parental guidelines
System for rating the content of television shows
§
○
•
Improving Your Media Literacy
Media literacy
An assessment of your competence in evaluating media messages
and their effects
○
•
Practice Media Awareness
Recognize the message form •
Separate the message from the messenger•
Consider the source•
Beware of media limitations •
Guard Against Bias
Become a media activist •
Chapter 17 Notes
Wednesday, April 25, 2018 6:28 PM
Document Summary
Describe the increasing interconnection of media content and communication technology. Result from the application of ink to paper, as in newspapers, magazines, and books. Refers to mediated message that you listen to, rather than read or watch. Composed of television programs and movies, combine sound with visual stimuli. A term that means electronic mail and refers to messages. A term that means electronic mail and refers to messages exchanged through a computer network. Email messages sent indiscriminately to thousands of recipients at once, often to advertise a product or service. User-generated websites offering content that individual users construct for delivery to mass audiences. Term that is short for web logs, are websites providing news, commentary, or personal diary entries from the user often along with comments from visitors. Websites that allow users to meet, communicate, and share information online. Websites on which people can share audio-visual messages. Combination of blogging and texting supported by the website.
