CHEM 1127Q Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Hypervalent Molecule, Valence Electron, Electron Shell

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CHEM 1127Q Full Course Notes

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Lewis structures - describe valence electron configurations of atoms and monatomic ions. Consists of an elemental symbol surrounded by one dot for each of its valence electrons. Illustrates the formation of cations and anions from atoms. Lewis structures - drawings that describe the bonding in molecules and polyatomic ions. Lone pairs - electrons not used for bonding. Dash/line - may be used to indicate a shared pair of electrons. Single bond - single shared pair of electrons. Halogens for one single bond between atoms and three lone pairs of electrons per atom. Octet rule - tendency for main group atoms to form bonds to obtain eight valence electrons. # of bonds an atom can form can be predicted from the # of electrons needed to reach an octet (especially true for non metals of the 2nd group) Hydrogen, transition and inner transition elements do not follow rule.

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1. First you need to find the number of valence electrons inNH2Cl2. For counting purposes with Lewis

structures, the number of valence electrons in an atom of a maingroup element is equal to the last digit

in the group number of that element in the Periodic Table.

N is in Group ____________ H is in Group ____________ Cl is inGroup ____________

In NH2Cl there is a total of ____________ valence electrons.

2. The model consists of balls and sticks. How many holes shouldbe in the ball you select for the N atom?

____________ the H atoms? ____________ the Cl atom? ____________The electrons in the molecule are

paired, and each stick represents a valence electron pair. Howmany sticks do you need? ____________

3. Assemble a skeleton structure for the molecule, connectingthe balls and sticks to make one unit. Use the

rule that N atoms form three bonds, whereas Cl and H atomsusually form only one. Draw a sketch of

the skeleton below:

4. How many sticks did you need to make the skeletonstructure?____________ How many sticks are left

over? ____________ If your model is to obey the octet rule, eachball must have four sticks in it (except

for hydrogen atom balls, which need and can only have one).(Each atom in an octet rule species is sur-

rounded by four pairs of electrons.) How many holes remain to befilled?____________ Fill them with

the remaining sticks, which represent nonbonding electron pairs.Draw the complete Lewis structure for

NH2Cl using lines for bonds and pairs of dots for nonbondingelectrons.

5. Describe the geometry of the model, which is that of NH2Cl.____________ Is the NH2Cl molecule

polar? ____________ Why?

Would you expect NH2Cl to have any isomeric forms? ____________Explain your reasoning.

6. Would NH2Cl have any resonance structures? ____________ Ifso, draw them below.

CHEM 1127Q Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Hypervalent Molecule, Valence Electron, Electron Shell

CHEM 1127Q Full Course Notes

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