BIO 101 Chapter 12: Unit 12

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Chapter 29 plant diversity i: how plants colonized land. 29. 1: plants colonized land about 500 million years ago. 29. 2: alternation of generations can be shown through a study of the moss life cycle. Label the following features: male gametophyte, antheridia, female gametophyte, archegonia, egg, zygote, and sporophyte. Indicate the haploid and diploid part of the life cycle. However, in plants, what cells are formed by meiosis? spores. 10. how are spores dispersed? wind, insects, birds, etc. 11. how does the sperm reach the egg? swim through a lm of moisture to reach the egg. 12. de ne the following terms and list their functions: Xylem: tissue that conducts most of the water and minerals. Phloem: cells are arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products. Roots and root hairs: organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil as well as anchor the plants; the root hairs provide a greater surface area for absorption.

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1. Select the true statements concerning tracheids.

	Tracheids are responsible foranchoring the plant to a substrate.
	Pterophytes lack tracheids but haveeuphylls.
	Without tracheids colonization ofland would not have been possible.
	All of the large dominant extantland plants are tracheophytes.
	Tracheids allow for efficienttransport of water over longer distances.

2. Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such asmosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called

angiosperms.

3.Select the true statements concerning gametophytes andsporophytes.

Both produce gametes.

Sporophytes are alwaysnutritionally dependent on the gametophytes.

Across all plant speciesgametophytes tend to remain small.

Only sporophytes produce eggs.

Antheridia are located on the gametophyte.

4. A waxy cuticle helps prevents desiccation. What is the costof this adaptation?

Slower H₂Otransport

Reduced gas permeability

Lowered light absorption

Increased exposure to damaging UVradiation

Increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection

5.Select the best answer to complete the following statement.Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and watervapor.

only carbon dioxide and spores orgametes.

only carbon dioxide and watervapor.

only carbon dioxide andpollen.

only oxygen and carbon dioxide.

6.One of the main distinctions between charophytes and landplants is the possession of a cuticle. Why do modern charophyteslack a cuticle?

Their tough seed coats negate theneed for a cuticle.

Cuticles aren't necessary whenliving in water.

Modern Charophytes make up for theabsence of a cuticle by have large numbers of stomata.

Charophytes have a haplodiplontic life cycle.

7.Select the following plant adaptations for the terrestrialenvironment that are correctly listed by their function.

Stomata allow for gas exchangebetween the plant and the atmosphere.

Tracheids protect againstdesiccation.

Stomata transport water aroundplant body.

Tracheids transport water and minerals around the plantbody.

8.What would be the simplest way for a non-botanist to confirmthat the fern is not a small palm?

Height, all ferns are verysmall

Lack of roots, palms have roots butferns do not

Leaf shape, only ferns havedissected leaves

Dots on the underside of the leaf, only ferns have sporangiaunder their fronds

9.Select the true statements relating to the colonization ofland by plants.

Desiccation is a much more commonproblem in terrestrial environments.

Cuticle layers reduce gasexchange.

Xylem tissue, seeds and stomata arefound on both plants and charophytes.

Without trachids land plant would not have been to able to growmore than just a meter or so tall.

10.Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of theproblem of

syngamy.

11. Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of thefollowing except

Pterophytes.

12. Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyteplants, require

soil to reproduce sexually.

water to reproduce sexually.

sunlight to reproducesexually.

air to reproduce sexually.

shade to reproduce sexually.

13.Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to theevolution of all of the following except

	gas-filled air spaces.
	stems.
	specialized reproductivefeatures.
	specialized roots.
	increased area for photosynthesisin the leaves.

violetantelope136

Arrange the following events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem.

1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.

2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.

3. Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.

4. Sugar moves down the stem.

A.) 2, 1, 4, 3
B.)		1, 2, 3, 4
C.)		2, 3, 1, 4
D.)		4, 2, 1, 3

Match the correct hormone class (on the left) with the correct protein (on the right) whose synthesis is increased by hormonal stimulation

1) progesterone A) calcium binding protein

2) 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 B) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

3) glucocorticoids C) uteroglobin

4) androgens D) aldolase

answers

1:D; 2:A; 3:C; 4:B

1:C; 2:B; 3:A; 4:D

1:B; 2:A; 3:D; 4:C

1:C; 2:A; 3:B; 4:D

BIO 101 Chapter 12: Unit 12

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