BIO 325 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9.1: Ethidium Bromide, Covalent Bond, Acrylamide
Document Summary
Digital analysis of genomes three significant advances: mendel"s discovery of fundamental principles (1860s, watson and crick"s elucidation of dna structure (1953, human genome project (1990 present, genome digital info contained within dna in chromosomes. Fragmenting dna restriction enzymes cut the genome at specific sequence of bases: severs two phosphodiester bonds (digestion, products: restriction fragments, originate from bacterial cells. Shield own dna by selective addition of methyl groups (-ch3) results in either blunt ends or sticky ends. Restriction enzymes with longer recognition sites produce larger. Dna fragments: simplifying assumptions determine fragment length, each of the four bases occurs in equal proportions, bases are distributed randomly in dna sequence, 4n where n = number of bases in the site. Ex: 5" gaattc 3" will cut on average once every 46 aka 4096 bp aka 4. 1 kb. Mechanical shearing forces break dna at random locations random cutting of dna via mechanical stress: sonication application of ultrasound energy.
