BIOL124 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Airway Obstruction, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pulmonary Compliance
Document Summary
Pathogenesis of emphysema the alveoli wall alveoli fuse sa decrease for gas exchange smoking particles interact with. Macroscopic appearance: destruction of lung tissue without obvious fibrosis. Functional consequences: markedly reduced rate of gas exchange, reduced area of respiratory membrane, capillaries are also destroyed as alveolar walls are destroyed capillary bed area is also reduced. Healthy lung emphysema (individual alveoli fuse and missing sa is reduced for gas ex) Irreversible enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of their walls. Clinical manifestations: symptoms do not appear until at least one third of the functioning pulmonary parenchyma is damaged, progressive dyspnoea, cough or wheezing may also be the chief complaint (asthma!, weight loss (cancer!) Due to lack of o2, metabolic activities can not occur: hunched-over position, prolonged expiration, barrel-chested appearance, key diagnosis: impaired expiratory airflow, fev1 exhibits a typical reduced obstructive pattern. Management: smoking cessation, oxygen therapy, long-acting bronchodilators with inhaled corticosteroids, physical therapy, lung transplantation.
