BIOL126 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Lateral Plate Mesoderm, Spina Bifida, Alpha Cell
Document Summary
8. pathophysiology: describe the various cell adaptations that may arise due to chronic stress being placed on a tissue. Cells continually exposed to changing and potentially damaging conditions: need to adapt to these changes in the internal environment to maintain homeostasis. Cells adapt to increased work demands by changing in: size (atrophy and hypertrophy, number (hyperplasia, form (metaplasia) Dysplasia: deranged cell growth of a specific tissue: describe the characteristics of neoplastic cells and tissues. Often characterised by collections of different cell types within a tumour. Ca(cid:374)cer cells do(cid:374)"t perfor(cid:373) fu(cid:374)ctio(cid:374)s of (cid:374)or(cid:373)al tissue; they focus o(cid:374) replicati(cid:374)g. Loss of p53 (a tumour-suppressor gene) most common genetic mutation in human cancer: metabolism, briefly explain the generation of atp via glycolysis and in the mitochondria, aerobic metabolism provides 95% of the atp demands of a resting cell. In this process the mitochondria absorb oxygen, adp, phosphate ions and organic substrates (such as pyruvate) from the surrounding cytoplasm.
