ISYS111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Respect Diversity
17 Jun 2018
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What is motivation?
• Forces within the individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of effort
expanded at work
• A highly motivated workforce is indispensable to achievement of sustained high-
performance results
• Rewards:
o A work outcome of positive value to the individual
Extrinsic reward
Intrinsic reward
• Externally administered given
by someone else (promotion,
bonus, etc)
• Self-administered (feeling of
competency, personal
development, etc)
• Rewards & performance:
• Managers must respect diversity and individual differences, clearly understand what people
want from work and allocate rewards to satisfy the interests of both individuals and the
organisation
• Theories of motivation:
o Content: help to understand human needs
o Process: offer additional insights into how people give meaning to rewards
o Reinforcement: focuses attention on the environment as a major source of rewards
What are the different types of individual needs?
• Needs:
o The unfulfilled physiological or psychological desires of an individual
o Everyone has needs, they engage in behaviours to obtain rewards to satisfy their
needs
o Needs cause tension that influence attitudes and behaviours
• Comparing content theories of motivation:
o Work outcomes or rewards can satisfy more than one need
o Human needs operate in a flexible hierarchy and people may also value needs
differently at different times and at different ages or career stages
o
• Maslow:
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