BIOL1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Energy, Cellular Respiration, Bioaccumulation
Diversity
• Scientists measure species diversity as well as manipulate it in
experimental communities to examine the potential benefits of diversity,
including increased productivity and stability of biological communities
• Diverse communities —> greater biomass, capture more resources, fewer resources for
non native invaders
Use of resources
What an organism does with available resources determines productivity, and therefore
abundance.
Use of energy
Primary production is the conversion of energy (light) into chemical energy that is stored
in organic compounds in living organisms
• Phototrophs- convert chemical energy into stars through photosynthesis
• Chemotrophs e.. Thermophiles, some thermaphyles can oxidise HS and FeS (reduced
forms) in their cells to gain energy
• Radiotrophs- use energy from iron of sulphides, have the ability to use radioactive
energy and fix it to sugar
Energy transfer
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS: H2O + CO2 + light -> glucose + O2
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• CELLULAR RESPIRATION: glucose+O2 ->H2O+CO2 +ATP
• The availability of biochemicalenergy (ATP) depends on air(O2, CO2), water (H2O)
andsunlight.
Net primary production: Production of energy is specific time frame (can be seen on
satellite map)
• Net production = Gross production - Respiration
• Productivity is a measure of Ecosystems
•
Limits to primary production:
• Inland, water and temperature are the main limits to production
• In the sea, water is everywhere, but light and carbon dioxide are rarely found together
with nutrients (phosphates and nitrogen’s)
Food Chains
Food chains are not isolated units but are linked together by food
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Document Summary
What an organism does with available resources determines productivity, and therefore abundance. Energy transfer: photosynthesis: h2o + co2 + light -> glucose + o2, cellular respiration: glucose+o2 ->h2o+co2 +atp, the availability of biochemicalenergy (atp) depends on air(o2, co2), water (h2o) andsunlight. Net primary production: production of energy is specific time frame (can be seen on satellite map: net production = gross production - respiration, productivity is a measure of ecosystems. Limits to primary production: inland, water and temperature are the main limits to production, in the sea, water is everywhere, but light and carbon dioxide are rarely found together with nutrients (phosphates and nitrogen"s) Food chains are not isolated units but are linked together by food webs. Pyramid of net productivity: 90% of energy lost between trophic levels, length of food chains are limited the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain. Ecological efficiency: energy is used in: food chains should be longer in habitats of higher photosynthesis.
