DOH124 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Thermal Conduction, Tuberculosis, Hydroxylapatite
DOH 124 NOTES
Week 11-12
Lecture 11 - WHS 2
Case studies
Substitute, isolate, engineering, administrative, PPE
1. Injecting
a. Staff or patient / post injury anxiety, prophylactic treatment / actual
infection
b. Administrative
2. Disassembling dental syringes
a. Potential for sharps injury to staff / post injury anxiety, prophylactic
treatment / actual infection
b. Administrative
3. Cleaning instruments
a. Potential for sharps injury / Post injury anxiety, prophylactic
treatment / actual infection
b. Engineering – Cassette systems? Washer Disinfector?
c. Administrative – protocols / signs
Transmission of disease
5 elements of infection
1. A pathogenic organism of sufficient virulence and numbers to cause
disease
2. A reservoir or source that allows the pathogen to survive and multiply (eg
blood)
3. A mode of transmission from the source to the host
4. A portal of entry through which the pathogen can enter the host
5. A susceptible host (not immune)
Pathogens
1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Actinomyces, Protozoa, Rickettsiae, Helminths (worms), Algae, Prions
Modes of transmission
1. Direct contact with blood or body fluids (includes saliva)
2. Indirect contact with a contaminated instrument or surface
3. Contact of mucosa of the eyes, nose, or mouth with droplets or spatter
4. Inhalation of airborne microorganisms
Infection prevention
- Removing one or more of the conditions that permit infection
Standard precautions
Hand hygiene, PPE, Safe use and disposal of sharps, Routine environmental
cleaning, Reprocessing of re-usable instruments, Respiratory hygiene & cough
etiquette, Aseptic non touch technique, Waste management, Appropriate
handling of linen (laundry)
Hand hygiene
Method
Description
Social
- Non antimicrobial liquid
soap/water → remove transient
microorganisms (10-15 s)
- Alcohol based hand rub
Procedural (non surgical)
- Alcohol based hand rub, allow
hands to dry without wiping
(15-20 s)
- Antimicrobial liquid soap/water
(at LEAST 30 s)
Surgical
- Antimicrobial soap and water (5
m) prior to first procedure (at
least 3 m) prior to each
procedure after
5 moments
1. Before touching
2. Before procedure
3. After procedure/body fluid exposure risk
4. After touching
5. After touching surroundings
ABHR
- More effective
- Quicker to use
- Better tolerated by hands
- Easily accessible
Prevention
- No artificial nails/nail polish/(<6mm)
- Only a plain band ring (wedding ring)
- No jewellery (unless for patient care or medical necessity)
Document Summary
Washer disinfector: administrative protocols / signs. Pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, protozoa, rickettsiae, helminths (worms), algae, prions. Modes of transmission: direct contact with blood or body fluids (includes saliva, indirect contact with a contaminated instrument or surface, contact of mucosa of the eyes, nose, or mouth with droplets or spatter, inhalation of airborne microorganisms. Removing one or more of the conditions that permit infection. Hand hygiene, ppe, safe use and disposal of sharps, routine environmental cleaning, reprocessing of re-usable instruments, respiratory hygiene & cough etiquette, aseptic non touch technique, waste management, appropriate handling of linen (laundry) Non antimicrobial liquid soap/water remove transient microorganisms (10-15 s) Alcohol based hand rub hands to dry without wiping (15-20 s) Antimicrobial liquid soap/water (at least 30 s) Antimicrobial soap and water (5: prior to first procedure (at least 3 m) prior to each procedure after. 5 moments: before touching, before procedure, after procedure/body fluid exposure risk, after touching, after touching surroundings.
