EHR523 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cancer Stem Cell, Exercise Prescription, Brca2

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Week 2 overview of cancer biology, clinical. Characteristics of cancer: disorder of altered cell differentiation and growth. Results in neoplasia ( new growth ): growth is uncoordinated and relatively autonomous. Lacks normal regulatory controls over cell growth and division. Tends to increase in size and grow after stimulus ceases or needs of the organism are met. Phases of the cell cycle: g1 (gap 1): the postmitotic phase. Dna synthesis ceases; rna and protein synthesis continues: m-phase: the phase of cellular division or mitosis. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes: oncogenes: drive abnormal cell proliferation when mutated or over expressed. Can cause cancer when activated: tumor-suppressor genes: typically slow down cell proliferaton, repair dna mutations, or signal apoptosis. Genetic links to some tumor-suppressors (e. g. brca. Cell cycle checkpoints: checkpoints in cell cycle provide opportunities for monitoring. Host and environmental factors related to cancer: heredity, hormones, carcinogens: Radiation: oncogenic viruses, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis:

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