GMED2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Deep Vein Thrombosis, Orthostatic Hypotension, Central Venous Pressure
17 Jul 2018
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Document Summary
Counteracting gravity: normally in an upright position the body compensates for the effects of gravity. Fluid shifts occur due to the redistribution of fluids and the impact this has on the various systems within the body. Increased risk of: deep vein thrombosis (dvt, pulmonary embolism (pe, thrombosis. Redistribution and change of blood volume leads to: headache, swelling of nasal sinuses, nasal congestion, swollen eyelids. Stabilisation of stroke volume and cardiac output. Increased energy use and oxygen demand by the heart to meet metabolic demands. Bed rest removes the effect of gravity and hydrostatic pressure from the cvs. After 3-4 days of bed rest, returning to the upright position leads to orthostatic or postural intolerance. Blood flow moves from central circulation to lower extremities: decreased venous return, decreased stroke volume and cardiac output. Increased pressure on lower legs from contact with the bed. Compression leads to damage to the intima and increases thrombocyte adherence and clot formation.
