HUMB1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Blood Sugar, Water Balance, Immune System
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19 Jun 2018
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Metabolism
1.
Control of food intake and digestion
2.
Tissue maturation
3.
Ion regulation
4.
Water balance
5.
Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
6.
Control of blood glucose and other nutrients
7.
Control of reproductive functions
8.
Uterine contractions and milk release
9.
Immune system regulation
10.
Function of Endocrine System
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Endocrine Glands of the Body
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Released by cells and have a local effect on same cell type from which chemical signals
released.
Autocrine
Released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.
Paracrine
Produced by neurons and secreted into extracellular spaces by presynaptic nerve terminals;
travels short distances; influences postsynaptic cells.
Neurotransmitter
Produced by cells of endocrine glands, enter circulatory system, and affect distant cells.
Endocrine
Communication Chemicals
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Document Summary
Released by cells and have a local effect on same cell type from which chemical signals released. Released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood. Produced by cells of endocrine glands, enter circulatory system, and affect distant cells. Body control system where regulation requires duration rather than speed. Glands that secrete chemical messengers (hormones) into circulatory system (blood) Target cells respond to a hormone because they have the correct receptor. Acute - sudden release due to stimulus, e. g. adrenaline in response to stress. Chronic small variations over long periods, e. g. thyroid hormones. Episodic e. g. estrogen & progesterone during menstrual cycle. May use same chemical messenger as neurotransmitter and hormone. Eg: some parts of the endocrine system innervated directly by nervous system (adrenal medulla). Hypothalamus synthesises neuro-hormones an controls hormone release from anterior pituitary. Central part of adrenal gland, arose from neural tissue, secretes adrenalin & noradrenalin.
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