HUMB1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Pericardium, Abdominopelvic Cavity, Abdominal Cavity
21 Jun 2018
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C1 L1 – The Human Body:
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body parts and how they relate to each other (static).
Levels of anatomy:
1) Gross anatomy (macroscopic)
a. Systemic (body studied system by system)
b. Regional (body studied by area)
2) Surface (external body in relation to deeper structures)
3) Microscopic (eg. Cytology, histology)
Physiology studies the function of living things (dynamic)
Levels of physiology:
1) Molecular (molecules within the cell)
2) Cellular (how cells interact and communicate)
3) Systemic (tissues of organs)
4) Neurophysiology (nervous system)
5) Renal (kidneys, urinary system
6) Cardiovascular etc. (heart and blood vessels)
Organisation of the body:
1) Chemical level (atoms and molecules eg. DNA, RNA, sugar)
2) Cellular level (molecules form organelles eg. Nucleus, mitochondria)
3) Tissue level (numerous cells form a tissue)
4) Organ level (tissues form an organ)
5) Organ system level (one or more organs make a system)
6) Organism level (eg. Human)
Organism characteristics:
1) Organisation (how parts interact to perform specific functions)
2) Metabolism (chemical reactions in an organism)
3) Responsiveness (ability to sense changes then adjust)
4) Growth (increase in size or the number of cells)
5) Development (changes undergone through time)
6) Reproduction (creating new cells or an organism)
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Document Summary
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body parts and how they relate to each other (static). Levels of anatomy: gross anatomy (macroscopic, systemic (body studied system by system, regional (body studied by area, surface (external body in relation to deeper structures, microscopic (eg. cytology, histology) Physiology studies the function of living things (dynamic) Levels of physiology: molecular (molecules within the cell, cellular (how cells interact and communicate, systemic (tissues of organs, neurophysiology (nervous system, renal (kidneys, urinary system, cardiovascular etc. (heart and blood vessels) Homeostasis is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment in the body. Maintain near the ideal or set point eg. temperature 37 degrees. Anatomical position: erect person, face directed forward, palms forward. Supine position: lying face up, palms facing up. Prone position: lying face down, palms facing up. Proximal (limbs only, nearest to the point of attachment) Distal (limbs only, distant to the point of attachment)
