LAN2240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Mid Central Vowel, English Orthography, Sight Word
28 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
The$big$6:$Oral$language$and$early$literacy$experiences,$phonological$awareness,$letter$
sound$knowledge$(phonics),$vocabulary,$fluency,$comprehension.$
$
What%is%the%alphabetical%principle%and%how%does%it%work?!
!"The!understanding!that!spoken!language!and!words!are!made!up!of!sounds!and!that!the!
sounds!can!be!mapped!to!and!represented!by!letters,!or!groups!of!letters."!26!letters!and!44!
phonemes.$
• Blending:$phonemes$into$clusters,$syllables$and$words$
• Reading:$is$about$decoding,$giving$a$sound$to$letters/graphemes$and$blending$the$
sound$to$read$a$word$
• Segmenting:$words$into$individual$phonemes$
• Spelling!(in!the!act!of!writing):$is$about$encoding,$segmenting$words$into$individual$
phonemes$and$using$letters/graphemes$to$represent$their$sounds.$
$
What%is%phonological%awareness%and%phonemic%awareness?%
Phonological!awareness:!is$a$broad$skill$that$includes$identifying$and$manipulating$units$of$
oral$language$-$such$as$words,$syllables,$onset$and$rhyme.$
Phonemic!awareness:!refers$to$the$specific$ability$to$focus$on$and$manipulate$individual$
sounds$(phonemes)$in$spoken$words.$Phonemes$are$the$smallest$units$comprising$spoken$
language.$They$combine$to$form$syllables$and$words.$
$$
Top%Down%Approach%(linked%to%constructivist%perspectives;%student%centred)%$
Reader$understanding$&$knowledge$
Semantic$analysis$(meaning)$
Syntactic$analysis$(sentence$structure)$
Lexical$analysis$(words)$
Perceptual$analysis$(letters)$$
TEXT$
$$
Bottom%Up%Approach%(behaviourist%perspective;%teacher%centred)$
Reader$understanding$&$knowledge$
Semantic$analysis$(meaning)$
Syntactic$analysis$(sentence$structure)$
Lexical$analysis$(words)$
Perceptual$analysis$(letters)$$
TEXT$
$$
The%balanced%approach%to%literacy%teaching:%$
Provide$opportunities$for$all$students$to$become$effective$readers$and$writers.$Places$
meaning$at$the$core$of$reading.$Recognises$interaction$between$reading$and$writing.$
Recognises$the$importance$of$context$in$reading.$Places$equal$emphasis$on$the$
development$of$semantic,$grammatical$and$graphological-phonological$knowledge.$
Recognises$the$importance$of$developing$effective$strategies$for$processing$text.$Provides$
for$instruction$across$a$range$of$fictional$and$factual$text$types$including$public$and$
electronic$texts.$Promotes$a$balance$of$shared,$guided,$and$independent$reading$
opportunities.$Bases$instruction$on$effective$assessment$of$students'$needs$and$abilities.$
$$
Life$experiences,$
understanding$a$range$
of$texts,$meaning$
$
Code$based$skills,$
letters,$words,$
phonics,$and$sound$
Learn%the%difference%
between%the%primary%
and%early%years%literacy%
session:%Focus%on%early%
years%is%more%on%oral%
language%and%
developing%early%
concepts%of%print$
