BIOL3711 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Fertile Crescent, Domestication, Plant Breeding
26 Jun 2018
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Australia Flora and Fauna
Australian Fauna
Flowering plant species – 80% or more endemic
Around 18,000 vascular plant species
Importance of eucalyptus and acacia
Sclerophyllous Plants
Rigid leaves (often small)
Found in:
oProteaceae
oGrass trees
oHummock grasses
oMimosacea
oMyrtaceae
Fire
Fire resistant plants
oThick bark
oLignotubers (eucalyptus)
Hard seed coats
Serotiny:
oRetention of seeds in persistent fruits or cones in canopy
Serotiny occurs in:
oProteceae
oMyrtaceae
oCasuarinaceae
Structural Classification – Australian Vegetation – Some Examples
Closed forest
oTrees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum =
70%
Open forest
oTrees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum =
30 – 70%
Woodland
oTrees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum =
10 - 30%
Open woodland
oTrees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum =
10%
Plant Families
Myrtaceae
Southern hemisphere
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Shrubs, trees
Ornamentals
Allspice
Cloves
Eucalyptus (Euclid)
Forests, woodlands
Proteaceae
Shrubs or trees
Africa, south east asia, south America, Australia
Domestication of Plants and their Economic Importance
Agriculture led to civilization in 4 ways:
Sedentary lifestyle of agriculture freed people to stay in one place and
accumulate professionals
Specialization in food production combined with trade:
oAllowed some people to work on things other than feeding the tribe
Agriculture required a more disciplined lifestyle that demands certain
advances to continue
Diverse occupations and technological advances
Origins of Agriculture
Humans diverged from its ancestors around 7mya
Initially – hunter gatherers
Last 10,000 years:
oTurned to food production
Today:
oMost people consume food they produce themselves or that someone
produces for the,
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Flowering plant species 80% or more endemic. Found in: proteaceae, grass trees, hummock grasses, mimosacea, myrtaceae. Fire resistant plants: thick bark, lignotubers (eucalyptus) Serotiny: retention of seeds in persistent fruits or cones in canopy. Serotiny occurs in: proteceae, myrtaceae, casuarinaceae. Structural classification australian vegetation some examples. Closed forest: trees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum = Open forest: trees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum = Woodland: trees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum = Open woodland: trees = growth form of tallest stratum and foliage of tallest stratum = Africa, south east asia, south america, australia. Sedentary lifestyle of agriculture freed people to stay in one place and accumulate professionals. Specialization in food production combined with trade: allowed some people to work on things other than feeding the tribe. Agriculture required a more disciplined lifestyle that demands certain advances to continue.
