1041SCG Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Nuclear Membrane, Osmotic Shock, Archaeplastida
27 Dec 2018
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Phylogenic tree of life: prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes, animals, plants, fungi and protists, 4 clades: Cell wall: provides protection against osmotic stress, cell wall contains peptidoglycan, gram positive: stains purple, contains more peptidoglycan, gram negative: stains pink, has less peptidoglycan and has additional cell membrane on top of the cell wall. Genetic diversity: divide by binary fission, which doesn"t allow for diversity in the way that sexual reproduction does, diversity in prokaryotes is a result of a combination of 3 main factors: Mutation often (due to error in replication) Genetic recombination of plasmids (uptake and integration of foreign dna, and plasmid exchange: conjugation is the sexual transfer of plasmid dna using a sex pillus. Nutrition/metabolism: prokaryotes can use all four modes of nutrition: Energy: photo- obtain energy from light, chemo- obtain energy from inorganic chemicals. Carbon source: auto- use co2 as a carbon source, hetero- use organic nutrients as a carbon source. Obligate aerobes (uses o2 for cellular respiration)
