COGS101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Aphasia, Dysarthria, Anomic Aphasia
18 May 2018
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APHASIA
WHAT IS APHASIA?
• A communication disorder;
• Difficulties reading, writing, speaking, understanding speech, reading aloud, making
gestures;
• Can be acquired from brain surgery or brain damage;
• Only the language skills are impaired – they are still just as intelligent;
• Different people will have different degrees of difficulty.
CHARACTERISTICS OF APHASIA
• Trouble finding the words they want to say (anomia);
• Problems with moving speech muscles (dysarthria);
• Problems with planning and coordinating the muscle movements (apraxia of speech).
WHAT CAUSES APHASIA?
• Damages to the areas of the brain that control language;
o Temporo-parietal region of the left hemisphere.
• Most people have it because of a stroke
o Blocking or haemorrhage of a blood vessel.
• Can occur after brain surgery, brain tumour, brain infection.
• Progressive aphasia – can occur in progressive brain disease (dementias):
o Alzheiers disease.
IMPACT ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY
• Social isolation
• Loss of work
• Loss of leisure opportunities
• Lack of access to information
• Loss of opportunities to participate, negotiate, choose
• Loss of confident
• Anger
• Frustration
• Depression
• Grief
PROGNOSIS
• Most people improve over time;
• The first 3 months have the most improvement -> but can continue indefinitely;
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Document Summary
Characteristics of aphasia: trouble finding the words they want to say (anomia), problems with moving speech muscles (dysarthria), problems with planning and coordinating the muscle movements (apraxia of speech). Loss of work: social isolation, anger, frustration, depression, grief. If you see a triangle: one person can call it a square, one can call it a trifle, o(cid:374)e (cid:272)ould (cid:272)all it (cid:858)a three so(cid:373)ethi(cid:374)g(cid:859). If you see a saxophone: o(cid:374)e (cid:373)ight (cid:272)all it (cid:858)soul(cid:859), o(cid:374)e (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:272)all it a (cid:858)sakserfay(cid:859), o(cid:374)e (cid:272)ould (cid:272)all it (cid:858)helifu(cid:374)t(cid:859). Bro(cid:272)a(cid:859)s aphasia: good comprehension, non-fluent speech with little grammatical structure. Wer(cid:374)i(cid:272)ke(cid:859)s aphasia: poor (cid:272)o(cid:373)prehe(cid:374)sio(cid:374), flue(cid:374)t spee(cid:272)h, (cid:862)jargo(cid:374)(cid:863). Transcortical motor aphasia: ma(cid:374)y people do(cid:374)(cid:859)t fit i(cid:374) these (cid:272)ategories, there can be a range of different problems, cognitive neuropsychological approach is the new approach. Explaining impairments using cognitive models: people with aphasia have different problems, we want to understand why; Important because there are different causes, which requires different treatments.
