COGS101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Retrograde Amnesia, Anterograde Amnesia, Psychogenic Amnesia
18 May 2018
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AMNESIA
What is Amnesia?
• loss or failure to for a eor.
• Hollywood dramatizes retrograde amnesia, it not common.
• Retrograde amnesia – happens with extreme psychological trauma, forgetting old memories.
• Anterograde amnesia – failure to lay down new memories.
RETROGRADE AMNESIA
• Prevalent in Hollywood.
• Retro -> backwards in time.
• Forgetting things from earlier.
• Dissociative amnesia
• Psychogenic amnesia
• Functional amnesia
o Following emotional trauma
o Past psychiatric history
o “oe preipitatig eet
o Neurological cause unlikely?
• Can be neurological.
Focal retrograde amnesia
• Stroke:
o Case JG
o 33-year-old man with thalamic strokes;
o Lost most personal memories throughout life;
o He was treated with family photos to help fix together the pieces of his memory he
forgot.
• Epilepsy:
o Case JB
o Subtle seizures;
o 21-year-old oa ated to go to Ital ad didt ko she had alread ee;
o Test showed she was having seizures;
o Patchy retrograde amnesia.
Everyone has difficulty remembering the past
• Remote memories are normally affects
• With clinical retrograde – recent memories are usually affected more than remote
memories;
o ‘iots La
▪ Last in, first to go
o Shrinking of extent with recovery.
Usually autobiographical
• Cat reeer eets ad people fro oes o eperieed past.
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Can affect knowledge about general events and people
• Famous faces test
Usuall doest affet persoal koledge
• Identity intact
Affects declarative memory
• Previously learned information one can reflect upon;
• But, in general, retrograde is hard to test.
Doest affet procedural memory
• You still remember skills such as riding a bike.
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
• Much more common.
• Forgetting what has just happened.
• short ter eor loss
• Rapid forgetting
• Everyone experiences some degree of forgetting:
o Example forgetting car keys
o Usually remindable.
• In clinical cases, memories are formed in the immediate term, but they are not enduring
o Failures to consolidate new learning
o Or a failure to retrieve newly learned information
o Forgetting can occur after a few minutes, or over hours
o I etree ases, the perso effetiel lies i the preset tese otiuall.
▪ Case of Henry Molaison (HM) and Clive Wearing (CW).
• Affects declarative learning
o New info one can reflect on
o Anterograde amnesia easy to test
• Procedural learning intact
o Can learn new skills
• Often accompanies by some degree of retrograde amnesia
o Can only really say this when a time of brain injury can be established
▪ Stroke, head injury.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF AMNESIA
• Alzheiers
• Stroke
• Head injuries
• Epilepsy
• Sometimes it can affect only one side of the brain
TWO KINDS OF RETRIEVAL FAILURE
Retrieval failure:
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Document Summary
What is amnesia? (cid:858)loss or failure to for(cid:373) a (cid:373)e(cid:373)or(cid:455)(cid:859): hollywood dramatizes retrograde amnesia, it not common, retrograde amnesia happens with extreme psychological trauma, forgetting old memories, anterograde amnesia failure to lay down new memories. Retrograde amnesia: prevalent in hollywood, retro -> backwards in time, forgetting things from earlier, dissociative amnesia, psychogenic amnesia, functional amnesia, following emotional trauma, past psychiatric history, o(cid:373)e pre(cid:272)ipitati(cid:374)g (cid:858)e(cid:448)e(cid:374)t(cid:859, neurological cause unlikely, can be neurological. Everyone has difficulty remembering the past: remote memories are normally affects, with clinical retrograde recent memories are usually affected more than remote memories, i(cid:271)ot(cid:859)s la(cid:449) Last in, first to go: shrinking of extent with recovery. Usually autobiographical: ca(cid:374)(cid:859)t re(cid:373)e(cid:373)(cid:271)er e(cid:448)e(cid:374)ts a(cid:374)d people fro(cid:373) o(cid:374)e(cid:859)s o(cid:449)(cid:374) e(cid:454)perie(cid:374)(cid:272)ed past. Can affect knowledge about general events and people: famous faces test. Affects declarative memory: previously learned information one can reflect upon, but, in general, retrograde is hard to test. Does(cid:374)(cid:859)t affe(cid:272)t procedural memory: you still remember skills such as riding a bike.
