PSYC104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning
10 May 2018
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PSYC104 Tutorial
Week 7: Learning and Operant Conditioning
Learning Outcomes
- After todays tutorial, you should e ale to
o Describe the four main response consequence contingencies and
distinguish between their effects on behaviour
o Provide examples of the four main response consequence contingencies
and identify, with justification, which contingency is operating in a given
scenario
Introduction: What is Operant Conditioning?
- Fous is on operant ehaviour, or voluntary ehaviour
- Behaviour is influenced using its antecedent and/or its consequence
- Numerous benefits
Four Types of Behaviour-Consequence Relationships in Operant Conditioning
Appetitive (nice)
Aversive (nasty)
Positive (stimulus
added)
Positive reinforcement
(behaviour increases)
Positive punishment (behaviour
decreases)
Negative (stimulus
removed)
Negative punishment
(behaviour decreases)
Negative reinforcement
(behaviour increases)
Reinforcement
- Positive reinforcement
o The adding of an appetitive stimulus after a behaviour makes the behaviour
more likely to occur in the future
- Negative reinforcement
o The taking away of an aversive stimulus after a behaviour makes the
behaviour more likely to occur in the future
Punishment
- Positive punishment
o The adding of an aversive stimulus after a behaviour reduces the likelihood of
the behaviour occurring in the future
- Negative punishment
o The taking away of an appetitive stimulus after a behaviour reduces the
likelihood of the behaviour occurring in the future
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Fo(cid:272)us is on operant (cid:271)ehaviour, or (cid:858)voluntary (cid:271)ehaviour(cid:859) Behaviour is influenced using its antecedent and/or its consequence. Four types of behaviour-consequence relationships in operant conditioning. Positive reinforcement: the adding of an appetitive stimulus after a behaviour makes the behaviour more likely to occur in the future. Negative reinforcement: the taking away of an aversive stimulus after a behaviour makes the behaviour more likely to occur in the future. Positive punishment: the adding of an aversive stimulus after a behaviour reduces the likelihood of the behaviour occurring in the future.
