PSYC104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Nuremberg Code, Little Albert Experiment
18 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Ethics
Nuremberg Code
1. Must have voluntary consent
2. Should yield fruitful results for society not obtainable by other means
3. Should be based on results of animal research or extensive knowledge of
natural history
4. Must avoid unnecessary suffering both physical and mental
5. Cannot conduct if any chance of death or disability
6. Must protect against death and disability
7. Must have risk less than or equal to importance of problem
8. Must be conducted by scientifically qualified people
9. Will empower human participants can bring study to an end at any point
10. Must have a scientist in charge who is prepared to terminate the study if it is
necessary to prevent any harm
Unethical Research
Little Albert (1920)
Infant exposed to fear of a rat
Institution not aware of the experimental procedures
Milgrim (1963)
Participants thought they were causing others harm
Questioning obedience
Need for Ethical Guidelines
Participants can have negative reactions to the experiment
Researchers are required to take responsibility to prevent this
Psychological societies have developed guidelines to follow
Strictly enforced at all levels
Basic Principles
1. Overarching principle “do no harm”
2. Informed consent
3. Opportunity for participants to say no
4. Ability to judge potential risks
5. No cruelty to animals
Professional Association’s Ethical Guidelines
1. Beneficence - seek to benefit and avoid harm
2. Responsibility - relationship of trust
3. Integrity - be accurate, honest and truthful
4. Justice - equality of access to the benefits
5. Respect - rights and dignity
Informed Consent
Research Ethics Approval body is setup to examine research and evaluate
ethical standards known as the institutional approval process
Informed consent involves participants understanding the materials,
procedures and utilisation of the data generated
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Participants thought they were causing others harm. Participants can have negative reactions to the experiment. Researchers are required to take responsibility to prevent this. Psychological societies have developed guidelines to follow. Informed consent: overarching principle do no harm . 2: opportunity for participants to say no, ability to judge potential risks, no cruelty to animals. Professional association"s ethical guidelines: beneficence - seek to benefit and avoid harm, responsibility - relationship of trust. 3: justice - equality of access to the benefits, respect - rights and dignity. Research ethics approval body is setup to examine research and evaluate ethical standards known as the institutional approval process. Informed consent involves participants understanding the materials, procedures and utilisation of the data generated. Must be described appropriately to the population sampled. Parental consent of minors is also necessary. Minimises the ability of the participants to second guess what the aim of the study is and potentially alter their behaviour.
![PSYC104 Lecture 7: PSYC104 Research Design Lecture 7 (Week 8) [Ethics] thumbnail](https://new-docs-thumbs.oneclass.com/doc_thumbnails/new_mobile/1987274-class-notes-aus-macquarie-psyc104-lecture7.jpg)
