ACCT10001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cash Flow Statement, Cash Flow, Accounts Payable
Accounting Week 6
7.1 THE PURPOSE AND USEFULENESS OF A STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Statement of cash flows: “tateet that epots o a etit’s ash iflos ad ash
outflows for a specified period
Working capital: Difference between current assets and current liabilities
• Needed to fund inventory and
accounts receivable while
awaiting receipts from sales
• Cash is very important through
cycle as there is normally an
outflow of funds for inventory
and wages prior to inflow from
sales
• CFS helps ascertain cash
generation from this cycle and
whether or not entity is
collecting receipts in timely
manner
Difference between cash and accrual accounting
• Accrual system focuses on when a transaction takes place and not when payment
occurs
• Cash flows is concerned with receipts and payments, not timing
• Timing between payment of inventory, wages, etc and collection of debts is called
the operating cash cycle
• By minimising this time an entity can save on funding costs (ie. interest)
• Positive operating cash cycle means firm collects funds prior to paying accounts
payable
• Entity needs enough cash to meet financial obligations in a timely manner but not
too much as there are costs of storing cash
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Relationship of the Statement of Cash Flows to other Financial Statements
Financial Statements:
1. Profit and Loss Statement
2. Balance Sheet
3. Statement of changes in Equity
4. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows: Cash movements resulting from transactions with parties external to the entity
Purpose of Cash flow Statement is to give additional info provided by other statements and
assist i assessig etit’s ailit to:
• Generate cash flows
• Meet financial commitments as they fall due, including servicing of borrowings and
payment of dividends
• Fund changes in scope and/or nature of activities
• Obtain external finance
Cash inflows: Cash movements into the entity resulting from transactions with an external
party
Cash outflows: Cash movements out of the entity resulting from transactions with an
external party
7.2 FORMAT OF THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Cash: Cash and cash equivalents
Cash on hand: Notes and coins, and deposits at call with a financial institution
Cash equivalents: Highly liquid investments and short-term borrowings
Statement of cash flows reports cash on hand at start of reporting period, the cash inflows,
outflows and net cash flow for the reporting period, and the cash balance at the end of the
reporting period.
Classified into: Operating, Investing and Financing Activities
Operating Activities: Relate to the provision of goods and services and other activities that
are neither investing nor financing activities
Investing activities: Those activities that relate to the acquisition and/or disposal of non-
current assets (e.g. property, plant and equipment, and other productive assets and
investments) not falling within the definition of cash
Financing activities: Those activities that change the size and/or composition of the
financial structure of the entity (including equity), and borrowings not falling within the
definition of cash
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Reconciliation of Cash from Operating Activities with Operating Profit
• Cash from operating activities can be compared to the P/L as the transactions
affecting the P/L statement reflect the cash flows relating to the operations of the
entity
• Not the same because P/L statement based on accrual accounting and CFS on cash
basis
• Comparing operating activities to profit/loss in P/L statement produces a
reconciliation between two figures showing differences in accrual and cash
transactions
• Reconciliation picks up changes in operating accounts between periods and help
users ascertain the changes in operating accounts brought about by the use of
accrual basis vs cash basis of accounting
• “oeties these aouts efeed to as okig apital
• Examining working capital accounts shows whether profit and flows of cash are
being utilised well in normal operations
Presentation of the Statement of Cash Flows
• net cash flows from operating activities
• net cash flows from investing activities
• net cash flows from financing activities
• total net cash flow (increase or decrease in cash held for the period)
• the beginning cash balance
• the ending cash balance
• comparative figures from the previous year
7.4 ANALYSING THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Trend and Ratio Analysis
Trend analysis: Method of examining changes, movements and patterns in data over a
number of time periods
Ratio analysis: An examination of the relationship between two quantitative amounts with
the objective of expressing the relationship in ratio or percentage form
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