ANAT20006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Cystic Duct, Portal Triad, Portal Vein
12 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 30
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (3)
LIVER
•(1) The largest solid viscus
•Mainly in right upper quadrant
•Partially protected by the thoracic cage and diaphragm
SURFACES & BED OF THE LIVER
•(2) On right diagram (sagittal section), dark purple is
diaphragm. Liver is a solid viscus so it takes the shape of
the adjacent structure. However under surface is concave.
•White line = peritoneum. Lines abdominal walls and
abdominal organs.
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
•(3) Smooth. Shiny bits = peritoneum.
•Anatomy is simple: divided by a ligament into 2 lobes.
VISCERAL SURFACE
•(4) Visceral surface is concave. Can see 2 big
structures; the IVC and the gall bladder, which are
situated in groovers at the visceral surface of the
liver. There is a hilum (portal hepatis, literally
translates to gateway to liver) at the visceral
surface. Has small nerves and lymphatics and 2 big
structures (bile duct).
•The portal triad consists of:
•Portal vein: Represents a second vascular input
into the liver. It doesn’t supply blood, it just
drains all of the blood of the tubular GIT into
the liver for metabolism.
•Hepatic artery: brings blood into liver for the
liver itself.
•Bile duct: in green on diagram.
•Nerves
•Lymphatics
Lecture 30 - Friday 6 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
ANATOMICAL LOBES OF LIVER
•(5) Two anatomical lobes are divided by a ligament
into the the small left and big right lobes.
•They are demarcated by ligaments.
•Two accessory lobes are the caudate and quadrate
lobes, which are between the left and right lobes and
are separated by sagittal fissures and transverse portal
hepatis.
GALL BLADDER IN SITU
•(6) Situated in groove in visceral surface of the liver.
Liver is mobile, intraperitoneal viscus. The gall
bladder’s surface is not covered by peritoneum; it is
associated with neither the anterior or posterior
abdominal wall, has no mesentery and the structure it’s
associated with (the liver) is mobile. it is neither intra or
retroperitoneal.
GALL BLADDER & EXTRAHEPATIC BILE
DUCTS
SECTIONED
•(7) Gall bladder also has a neck, body and
fundus same as stomach.
•Liver produces bile; gall bladder stores and
concentrates bile.
•The bile is secreted to the major duodenum
papilla. If there’s too much, it can’t get past the
sphincter and goes back up the bile duct and goes
to the cystic duct and ends up in the gall bladder for storage
and concentration.
GALLSTONES
•(8) If the mineral concentration of the bile changes, gallstones
can be formed.
Lecture 30 - Friday 6 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
PANCREAS
•(9) Left upper quadrant
•Retraperitoneal viscus. Fixed against posterior
abdominal wall.
•Four parts:
•Head (surrounded by duodenum)
•Neck
•Body
•Tail: tucked against the spleen.
PANCREATIC DUCTS
•(10) The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine
functions. it produces:
•An endocrine secretion into the blood
•An exocrine secretion into the duodenum via:
•The main pancreatic duct (which
extends from the tail, body, neck and
head)
•The accessory pancreatic duct
•Major duodenum papilla
SPLEEN
•(11) Left upper quadrant
•Intraperitoneal
•Dark purple
•Two surfaces:
•Diaphragmatic (against
diaphragm)
•Visceral (concave)
•Has a hilum
•Very vascular, so closely associated
with ribs 9, 10 and 11 on left hand
side.
DAMAGE TO THE SPLEEN
•(12) Mechanism
•Very vascular
•Situated
behind ribs
9, 10, 11 on the left
•Effect:
•Laceration by sharp edges of # ribs
•Profuse bleeding into peritoneal cavity
Lecture 30 - Friday 6 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
