BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Telophase, Multicellular Organism, Centromere

• School: University of Melbourne
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL10002
• Professor: Mary

Document Summary

G1 (gap 1) : longest part (variable), cell growth, won"t proceed unless large enough. G2: additional growth and check if ready for mitosis, centrosomes divide (mitotic centre, spindle), nucleus has granular appearance. In animals: cleavage furrow (contractile ring of myosin-ii and actin laments), pull plasma membrane > constriction, two daughter cells. In plants: cylindrical structure (phragmoplast) forms from remnants of spindle. When spindle breaks down vesicles (from golgi) move along microtubules and collect in equator. Vesicles fuse > double membrane enclosing cell plate. In space within membrane material is secreted and expands laterally > cell wall. Membranes surrounding cell plate fuse with plasma > 2 new daughter cells. Cancer due to loss of regulation in cell cycle. Prophase: nuclear envelope breaks, chromatin condense into chromosomes, spindle microtubules assemble. Metaphase: chromosomes line up across metaphase plate, microtubules attach to kinetochores, Anaphase: kinetochore microtubules pull sister chromatids towards opposite poles,