BIOL10004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Chlorophyll, Organelle, Photosynthetic Pigment

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jadebutterfly872

28 Jun 2018

School

University of Melbourne

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL10004

Professor

All

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LECTURE 3 – EUKARYOTES I

Compared to plant cells, animal cells lack: central vacuole, chloroplasts and cell wall

oAnimal cells = more moveable

oPlant cells = similar but more rigid due to cell wall (rectangular shape)

large vacuole  pull nucleus, chloroplasts pushed to the side (cytoplasmic

streaming)

STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTES

Nucleus – command centre  only disappear during cell division

oDouble membrane (has nuclear membrane) continuous at the pores

o(Annular) pores = allows for entry/exit via proteins (cell communication)

I.e. RNA transcribed leaves nucleus via pores to cytoplasm for translation

oNucleolus: sub-region contains ribosome genes  ribosomal transcription

oDifferent organisms have different number of chromosomes within the nucleus

Prokaryotic DNA  single loop of DNA

Eukaryotic DNA  linear DNA stands + histones = chromosomes

DNA is wrapped around histones (+ve)  balance –ve charge

DNA wound around histones twice = nucleosome

Chromatin = DNA + proteins

Mitochondria – power plant of the cell

oDouble membrane

Smooth outer membrane  very

permeable

Highly convoluted = folded

intermembrane // Inner membrane =

cristae

oCarries out aerobic respiration  ATP

oMatrix is the soupy mix within the cristae

oHas DNA & ribosomes

Chloroplasts – energy catchers of plants

oCell can contain one or many chloroplast

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Document Summary

Nucleus command centre only disappear during cell division: double membrane (has nuclear membrane) continuous at the pores, (annular) pores = allows for entry/exit via proteins (cell communication) Rna transcribed leaves nucleus via pores to cytoplasm for translation: nucleolus: sub-region contains ribosome genes ribosomal transcription, different organisms have different number of chromosomes within the nucleus. Eukaryotic dna linear dna stands + histones = chromosomes. Dna is wrapped around histones (+ve) balance ve charge. Dna wound around histones twice = nucleosome. Mitochondria power plant of the cell: double membrane. Highly convoluted = folded intermembrane // inner membrane = cristae: carries out aerobic respiration atp, matrix is the soupy mix within the cristae, has dna & ribosomes. Chloroplasts energy catchers of plants: cell can contain one or many chloroplast, outer + inner membrane combines to form a complex internal network of thykaloids . Grana = stack of thylakoids: photosynthetic pigment is located in thylakoids, all chloroplasts have chlorophyll a trap photons.

Related Questions

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

BIOL10004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Chlorophyll, Organelle, Photosynthetic Pigment

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