FOOD20003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Insulin Resistance, Abdominal Obesity, Estrogen
28 Jun 2018
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o Fever, stress
o Environmental (i.e. cold/heat)
o Smoking
o Caffeine
• Also dependent on body composition (more lean = increased BMR) and hormones
Physical activity
• Use tables of energy expenditure for specific physical activity categories, for different body
weights combined with daily diary of time in each activity
o Worked out my research
• Easier method = cluster activities according to intensity (light, moderate etc) and
determine a physical activity level (PAL) factor
o Which is then multiplied by BMR to give the total Estimated Energy Requirement
(EER)
Thermic effect of food (TEF or DIT)
• Energy required for digestion and absorption of food
• Usually ignored in the energy expenditure calculation due to its small and variable
contribution
• Usually 10% of the value of food energy consumed (or 10% of physical activity)
Body composition
• Fat and lean tissue
• Body weight alone = body indication of whether someone is overweight or underweight
• Overfat à not always a health risk
o i.e. pre-menopausal women – higher general fat level
• indicators of health:
o Body mass index (BMI)
§ Weight/height2
§ 18.6-24.9 = normal
§ BMI > 30 à Obese
§ Differs for different ethnic group
o Waist:Hip ratio
o Body fat level as determined by skin fold etc (most accurate)
• Should be viewed in conjunction with health parameters such as blood pressure, blood
lipid levels etc
BODY FAT AND ITS DISTRIBUTION
• Fat is required for a number of functions:
o Fuel
o Insulation/protection
o Assist in nerve impulse transmissions
