FOOD20003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Calcification, Margarine, Rickets
28 Jun 2018
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Vitamin K
• Also known as phylloquinone, menaquinone, and menadione
• Essential blood clotting agent
o Synthesis of blood-clotting proteins
o Bone proteins that regulate blood Ca
o Haemorrhagic disease may develop without vitamin K
§ Haemophilia = heredity disorder that cannot be cured with
vitamin K
• Unique as half of human needs are met through synthesis by intestinal
bacteria
• Deficiency
o Can occur in newborn & people taking antibiotics
§ Due to loss of colonic bacteria (source of vitamin)
o uncontrolled bleeding (haemorrhage)
• No known toxicity
Vitamin D
• also known as calciferol, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, calcitriol
• non-essential, acts like a hormone
• body can make vitamin D from precursors with the help of sunlight
• once the vitamin enters the body from diet, must be activated to be useful
o through the action of the liver & kidneys
• special binding proteins carry it to target organs ^
• Bone growth:
o Helps maintain blood levels of calcium & phosphorus
o Enhance intestinal absorption
o Increase Ca reabsorption (kidneys) and mobilisation from bones
o Works in combination with other nutrients and hormones
§ Vitamin A, C, K
§ Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride
Document Summary
Vitamin k: also known as phylloquinone, menaquinone, and menadione, essential blood clotting agent, synthesis of blood-clotting proteins, bone proteins that regulate blood ca, haemorrhagic disease may develop without vitamin k. Haemophilia = heredity disorder that cannot be cured with vitamin k: unique as half of human needs are met through synthesis by intestinal bacteria, deficiency, can occur in newborn & people taking antibiotics. Due to loss of colonic bacteria (source of vitamin: uncontrolled bleeding (haemorrhage, no known toxicity. Increase ca reabsorption (kidneys) and mobilisation from bones: works in combination with other nutrients and hormones. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride: other roles: immune system, brain & cns, deficiency, factors that contribute to deficiency: dark skin, breastfeeding without supplements, lack of sunlight, poor diet, rickets affects mainly children. Inadequate calcification of bones, growth retardation, misshapen bones etc: osteomalacia adults. Vitamin d deficiency leads to low blood ca and body draws it from bones.
