PSYC10003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Explicit Memory, Implicit Memory, Episodic Memory
7. Long-Term Memory and Amnesia
Long-Term Memory
• Two major divisions of LTM
o Declarative Memory (Explicit): knowledge that can be consciously recalled: what, why, when
where, who
▪ Facts, events, locations
▪ Hippocampal-dependent
o Non-declarative Memory (Implicit): knowledge that is unconsciously recalled (knowing how)
▪ Motor skills (riding bike) and cognitive skills (reading)
▪ Non-hippocampal dependent
Declarative Memory
• Endel Tulving
• Divided declarative memory into:
o Episode memory: knowledge of personally experienced events
▪ When/here, cotetualised eor, etal tie trael
o Semantic memory: general knowledge of facts about the world
▪ What/why memories, abstract knowledge
• Declarative memory is revealed through explicit memory tests
Non-Declarative Memory
• This kind of memory is revealed when previous experience facilitates (improves) performance on a task
• The improvement in performance does not require conscious recollection of prior learning experiences
o We get better at things with experience and practice
• Nondeclarative memory is revealed through implicit memory tests
o Procedural memory: a form of non-declarative memory that involves learning motor and
cognitive skills
o Priming: a form of non-declarative memory demonstrated by a change in the ability to indetify
a stimulus as the result of prior exposure to that stimulus, or a related stimulus
▪ Repetition Priming eg. Prior exposure to word in lexical decision task will make it easier
to respond to word net time
▪ Associative/Semantic Priming eg. Prior presetatio of urse helps idetif doctor
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