BIO1022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Gastric Pits, Gastrointestinal Tract, Ghrelin
30 May 2018
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BIO1022 – Lecture – Nutrition and Digestion
- nutrition
• food is acquired
• taken in - ingested
• food is taken apart and taken up - digested
• what is it needed for?
• three basic functions of diet/food
•
o chemical energy
o
▪ fuel ATP production
o organic building blocks
o
▪ source of organic carbon
▪ source of organic nitrogen
o essential nutrients
o
▪ amino acids
▪ fatty acids
▪ vitamins - non caloric
▪ minerals - non caloric
- herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
- diet - the three caloric nutrients
• proteins - amino acids
•
o largely for structural purposes and regulatory functions
o no storage in adult mammals
o degraded to amino acids
o easily digested, animals have necessary enzymes
o 20-22 amino acids for protein synthesis
o 50% of organic material in mammals is protein
• lipids - glycerol and fatty acids
•
o storage and membrane function
o fats, oils, wasex, phospholipids and sterols
o animals synthesise most
o insoluble, not easily digested
o emulsification to aid in digestion
o more energy per mass than carbohydrates
• carbohydrates - sugars
•
o functions
o
▪ storage - starch, glycogen
o structural
o
▪ cellulose, chitin
o some easily digested, some not
o
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