BIO1022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Binomial Nomenclature, Human Microbiota, Gram-Negative Bacteria
30 May 2018
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BIO1022 – Lecture 15
- study of micro-organisms
- microbes
• have a major impact on human health
•
o 1% of all microbes cause disease
o how they cause disease
o how disease is transmitted
o prevention and treatment
• help maintain balance of nature
• may be beneficial
• essential to many human processes - foodstuffs, antibiotics,
biotechnology
• types of microbes
•
o bacteria/archaea - single cell
o algae/protozoa/fungi - single/multicellular
o viruses - acellular
- microbiology - using interpretive approaches to study how bacteria, viruses,
parasites, fungi that cause disease
- the origin of the 3 domains
• symbiosis - chloroplast and green plant ancestors
• symbiosis - mitochondria and eukaryotes ancestors
• fusion of bacterium and archaean
• last common ancestor
- bacteria/archaea
• prokaryotes
• everywhere
• can live at all extremes of life
-prokaryotes
• binary division - bacterial cell division
•
o divide asexually by binary fission
o growth is logarithmic/exponential
• cell wall
•
o gram positive
o gram negative
o has many unique compounds
o
▪ peptidoglycan, techoic acids, lipopolysaccharide
- structural and biochemical differences allow us to design antimicrobial agents -
antibiotics
• selective toxicity - target components of the bacteria that are not present
in our eukaryotes cells
- the archaea
• the prokaryote kingdom - the extremophiles - can live at massive
extremes of nature
• may many medically important but useful for other applications
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