BIO2242 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Tidal Volume, Thoracic Cavity, Master Boot Record
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
RESPIRATION
Animal
Respiration structure
Annelid; earthworm
-uses only body surface for gas exchange
-thin permeable skin (moist/slime)
-high S.A
-easy diffusion
Arthropod; insects
-tracheal system with air filled tubes
Arthropod; arachnids
-book lungs that lie within hemocoel and are
bathed by hemolymph
Molluscs
-specialised mantle cavity of pulmonate
gastropods
Vertebrates (not including birds)
-tidal lungs
Vertebrates; birds
-capillary lung and airsac system
Respiration
Structure/function and
advantages/disadvantages
Water
Gills- occur in four invertebrate phyla, annelids,
arthropods, molluscs and echinoderms (also
some vertebrates)
Air
Skin- supplementary in some amphibians,
annelids
Tracheae- insects
Lungs- terrestrial vertebrates
• Animals without respiratory organs are usually small, thin or porous.
eg jellyfish; oly fe cells that are’t i cotact ith ater easy diffusio
-Only 2 layers of cells, no mesoderm in between
• Air in alveoli is first air to go in but neer goes out, ca’t epty ad repleish ith fresh air
Mammalian respiration:
o Gas exchange takes place only in alveoli
o Dead space = non respiratory surfaces
o Main regulator of breathing is blood pH (breathing rate) by sensors in medulla
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Book lungs that lie within hemocoel and are bathed by hemolymph. Gills- occur in four invertebrate phyla, annelids, arthropods, molluscs and echinoderms (also some vertebrates) Lungs- terrestrial vertebrates: animals without respiratory organs are usually small, thin or porous. eg jellyfish; o(cid:374)ly fe(cid:449) cells that are(cid:374)"t i(cid:374) co(cid:374)tact (cid:449)ith (cid:449)ater (cid:894)easy diffusio(cid:374)(cid:895) Only 2 layers of cells, no mesoderm in between: air in alveoli is first air to go in but ne(cid:448)er goes out, ca(cid:374)"t e(cid:373)pty a(cid:374)d reple(cid:374)ish (cid:449)ith fresh air. Mammalian respiration: gas exchange takes place only in alveoli, dead space = non respiratory surfaces, main regulator of breathing is blood ph (breathing rate) by sensors in medulla. Avian respiration: most efficient -> one way flow, unidirectional. Increase mbr = increase in complexity = increase efficiency: lung volume is less -> more efficient, tracheal volume is higher, huge volume of air sacs, tidal volume is higher, volume changes in air sacs not in lungs.
