PSY2061 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Multiple Sclerosis, Deep Brain Stimulation, Tourette Syndrome

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1 Jun 2018

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Lecture 6 continued

Basal Ganglia Dysfunction

-Parkinson’s disease

-Huntington’s disease

-Tourette Syndrome

-Hemiballismus?

Parkinson’s disease

•widespread neurodegenerative disorder

•major pathologic feature

•profound loss of dopamine neurones, mainly in SNc

•symptoms appear when DA neuronal death reaches critical threshold

•age of onset varies, usually 65-70

•main symptoms: tremor, rigidity, motor slowing, postural instability

•symptoms worse on one side of the body

•a positive response to L-Dopa aids the diagnostic process

•no accurate biological marker or radiological imaging technique

Levodopa

L-Dopa - mainstay of Parkinson’s disease treatment!

- reduces tremor, stiffness & slowness

-improves muscles central, balance & walking

-does no slow disease process

Off & On ﬂuctuations

Following 5-10 years of treatment

-behavioural/cognitive changes

Pallidotomy of Deep Brain Stimulation

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