PSY2061 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Amygdala, Basal Ganglia, Occipital Lobe
5 Jun 2018
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PSY2061 – lecture – Week 11 – Psychiatric Disorders
• biopsychosocial perspective
•
o a conceptual model that suggests that in understanding a person’s
mental condition it is not simply the psychological factors that are
important but also the physiological and social factors
o bio
o
▪ physiological pathology, genetics, brain structure, brain
chemistry
o psycho
o
▪ thoughts emotions and behaviours - such as distress,
o social
o
▪ socio-economical, socio-envrionemntal and cultural factors
o maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• biological psychology - reductionistic
•
o reduces complicated ideas down to their simplest form
• difficulties in diagnosing psychiatric disorders
•
o patients suffering the same disorder often display different
symptoms
o patients sugaring from different disorders often display many of
the same symptoms
o no biological tests
• schizophrenia
•
o syndrome - a collection of signs and symptoms of unknown
etiology - predominately defined by observed signs of psychosis
o less than 1% of population
o it affects men slightly more than women
o DSM-5
o
▪ delusions
▪ hallucinations
▪ disorganised speech - frequent derailment or incoherence
▪ grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
▪ negative symptoms
o positive symptoms
o
▪ represent an excess or distortion of normal function
o negative symptoms
o
▪ represent a reduction or loss of normal function
▪ affective flattening - reduction or absence of emotional
expression
▪ alogia- reduction or absence of speech
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ abolition - reduction or absence of motivation
▪ anhedonia - inability to experience pleasure
o diagnosing
o
▪ must be present for at least 6 months
▪ myst not be drug induced
▪ 2 or more
▪
▪ halluncations
▪ delusions
o diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia
o
o genetics of schizophrenia
o
▪ twins - prenatal factors
o neurobiology of schizophrenia
o
▪ auditory system
▪ basal ganglia
▪ frontal lobe
▪ limbic system
▪ occipital lobe
▪ hippocampus
▪ with each psychotic episode - decrease in ventricles
• symptoms come from brain pathology
• dopamine theory
•
o posits that schizophrenia is related to excess activity of
dopamine
o primary based on findings that drugs that act to reduce
dopamine activity - antagonist can be effective in treating
schizophrenia
o evidence from parkinson’s and cocaine use
• biopsychosocial model
•
o bio
o
▪ predisposing
▪
▪ genetic
▪ head injury
▪ gender - males are more likely
▪ precipitating
▪
▪ drug use
▪ head injury
o psycho
o
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
