PSY2071 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Albert Bandura, Infant Mortality, Randomized Controlled Trial
5 Jun 2018
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PSY2071 – Lecture – Week 1
• lifespan perspective
• developmental psychology - the scientific study of growth, change and
stability across the lifespan
•
o biological processes
o genetic endowment
o cognitive development
o physical growth
o personality and social development
o development can be characterised by different functional domains
o
▪ physical
▪ cognitive
▪ personality and social
▪ development across domains is linked
• developmental periods - age ranges
•
o prenatal - conception to birth
o infancy and toddlerhood - birth to 3 years
o preschool period - 3 to year 6 years
o middle childhood - 6 - 12 years
o adolescence - 12 - 20 years
o young adulthood - 20 - 40 years
o middle adulthood - 40 - 65 years
o late adulthood - 65 - death
• context of development
•
o cohort
o
▪ biological and environmental influences associated with a
specific time
▪ cohort is a group of individuals born at around the same
time
▪ geographic cohort is born in the same place
o socio-economic status
o culture and ethnicity
o
▪ factors present at a particular time depending on things like
ethnicity, social class, subcultural membership
o sex
o age
o
▪ biological and environmental influences similar for those in
an age group
o non-normative life events
o
▪ events that do not happen to most people
• behaviourism
find more resources at oneclass.com
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•
o Development can be understood through studying observable
behavior and environmental stimuli
o John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner (reinforcement)
o Albert Bandura (modeling)
• psychoanalytic
•
o behaviour throughout life is motivated by inner, unconscious
forces, stemming from childhood, over which we have little control
o Freud
o Erikson
• attachement
•
o Bowbly
o infants need to be close to their caregiver, and these experiences
influence future behavioural development
• evolutionary
•
o lorenz
o behaviour is a result of genetic
• behavioural genetics
•
o Research strategies used to examine the gene=c contribu=on to the
differences we observe. Explores the nature of individual
differences.
• emphasis on age linkes
•
o emphasis on how changes or growth in the ways people know,
understand and think about the world affect behaviour
• developmental systems
•
o development should be viewed in terms of the interrelationship of
a persons physical, cognitive, personality and social worlds
~ research methods
• identify research question of interest
• formulate an explanation
• carry out research to support or reject the explanation
• correlational studies
•
o focuses on an association with various factors
o can’t be used to determine whether one factor causes changes in
the other
o correlation coefficient indicates the strength and direction of an
association between two factors - ranging from +1.0 to -1.0
o observational studies
• experimental studies
•
o independent variable
o
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
