BIO282 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Rna Virus, Dna Virus, Uracil
Differences between DNA and RNA
• DNA contains deoxy-ribose sugar instead of ribose that is in RNA
• The nucleotide base uracil is present in RNA but not in DNA while thymine is present in
DNA but not in RNA.
• Generally (not always i.e. viruses) DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.
Cytosine can mutate and become Uracil. Uracil is not part of DNA. Thymine is safer as it doesn’t
mutate.
Components of Nucleic Acids
Nitrogenous bases
2 rings - purines (AG)
1 ring - pyrimidine (pyramid has one point) (C,T,U)
DNA is a chain of nucleotides. The nucleotides are the components of the DNA.
A nucleotide is made of 3 components:
• a deoxy-ribose sugar
• a base and
• a phosphate
A base could be A, T, G or C.
A base is attached to a sugar molecule in a nucleoside. When phosphates are attached at
the 5` carbon of the sugar in a nucleoside, it is then called a nucleotide.
Remember the following names:
Nucleoside = Sugar + base
Nucleotide = Nucleoside + phosphate (mono, di or tri for 1, 2 or 3 phosphates,
respectively)
Nucleoside monophosphate (dNMP) it has one phosphate.
Nucleoside diphosphate (dNDP) it has two phosphates.
Nucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) it has 3 phosphates.
NOTE: This is not the same as the ATP used in energy production. This has a small case “d”
in front of it. Put the small d in front because it has deoxyribose in it.