LSB384 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Losartan, Aldosterone, Gemfibrozil
Drugs for Angina
Drug Name
Mechanism of
Action
Action in
Body
Clinical Use
Adverse Effects
Nitroglycerin
Nitrovasodilator
Small dilation of
diseased
coronary arteries
– mainly
venodilation
Decreases
venous return
→ decreases
work done by
heart →
decreases O2
demand
Extensive 1st
pass liver
metabolism
Sublingual faster
in attack
Patches /
ointment for
prevention
Metropolol
Atenolol
B-blockers
Decreases
work done by
heart / O2
level
Prevention of
angina attack
Verapamil
Ca2+ channel
blocker
Pronounced
effects on
heart (CaV1.2a
> Cav1.2b)
Decreases
work done by
heart
Isosorbide
mononitrate
Nitrovasodilator
No significant 1st
pass liver
metabolism
Oral
Prevention of
attack
Amlodopine
Ca2+ channel
blocker
Cav1.2b
Used in atypical
angina
(coronary artery
spasm)
Drugs for Heart Failure
Frusemide
Loop Diuretic
Acts on thick
ascending limb of
Henle
Inhibits Na+K+2Cl-
co-transporter
(great max effect
> thiazide)
Increases
water loss
from body →
decreases
oedema,
pulmonary
pressure →
improved
breathing →
increases CO
Predominantly
to alleviate
symptoms
Oral - diuretic
effect within 20
mins
IV – within 2-10
mins
Can be used in
combo with
amiloride
Hyponatremia
(low sodium)
Hypotension
Hypokalemia
(cardiac
arrhythmias)
Hyperuricemia
(gout)
Ototoxicity
(hearing loss)
Hypomagnesmia
(cardiac
arrhythmias)
Enalapril
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