BIOM1060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Lymphatic System, Body Composition, Thymus

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orangeshark166

8 Jun 2018

School

Department

Biomedical Science

Course

BIOM1060

Professor

James Cuffe

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BIOM1060 17/04/2018

LIFECYCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Worldwide trends

- Growing population (increased life expectancy with reduced rates of fertility)

- Rates of illness/death from communicable diseases decreasing, but rates of non-

communicable disease increasing (eg. diabetes, obesity, heart disease)

- Increasing obesity rates and at younger age

- More focus and money spent on treatment rather than intervention/prevention

- Majority of hospitalisations are in very young or elderly

- Men more likely to require medical treatment than women at any age except for during

reproductive years

- Women pregnant with male foetuses more likely to require medical assistance

(miscarriage, preterm birth and pregnancy complications more likely)

Earlier in lifecycle event occurs = larger impact on long term health and disease

Factors influencing physiology

- Genetics

- Environment and lifestyle factors (eg. stress, exercise and nutrition, and exposure to

toxins, pollutants, alcohol and drugs)

o Influence how we are made, how we function and health in later life (aka foetal

programming or DOHAD hypothesis)

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHAD) hypothesis

- Birth weight as an indicator of exposures during pregnancy and used to calculate risk of

disease in future life (only a estimation - actual cause of disease is multifactorial)

- Reduced or very large birth weight = increased risk of disease in future life

First 1000 days of life

- First 1000 days = 280 days of pregnancy + 730 days

- Strategy of prioritising early life interventions in order to decrease disease in later life

o Found to be optimal window for care

- Presented by WHO as an effective way to reduce burden of disease in society

Improving long-term health during pre-conception and early pregnancy

- Have children at optimal age (20-35yrs)

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Document Summary

Growing population (increased life expectancy with reduced rates of fertility) Rates of illness/death from communicable diseases decreasing, but rates of non- communicable disease increasing (eg. diabetes, obesity, heart disease) More focus and money spent on treatment rather than intervention/prevention. Majority of hospitalisations are in very young or elderly. Men more likely to require medical treatment than women at any age except for during reproductive years. Women pregnant with male foetuses more likely to require medical assistance (miscarriage, preterm birth and pregnancy complications more likely) Earlier in lifecycle event occurs = larger impact on long term health and disease. Environment and lifestyle factors (eg. stress, exercise and nutrition, and exposure to toxins, pollutants, alcohol and drugs: influence how we are made, how we function and health in later life (aka foetal programming or dohad hypothesis) Developmental origins of health and disease (dohad) hypothesis.

Related Questions

PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

QUESTION 1 The nutrition transition is driven by three major ecologic factors; demographics, urbanization and changes in a.Longevity b.Standard or living c. Dietary trends

QUESTION 2 The dual burden of populations in nutrition transition refers to finding obesity and ________ coexisting within the same household a.Overnutrition b.Undernutrition c. sedentary lifestyle d.None of the above

QUESTION 3 Following the global financial crisis of 2008, which of the following occurred that left the poor and undernourished populations less food secure that they were earlier in the decade a.Crop diversion for biofuel production b.Restrictive trade policies c.Surging oil prices d.All of the above

QUESTION 4 The Barker hypothesis proposes that under nutrition at different phases of intrauterine and postnatal growth results in an increased risk for a.Kidney disease b.Type 2 diabetes c.Liver disease d.Osteoporosis

QUESTION 5 According to Merson, South Korea has retained elements of its traditional diet, such as high rice and vegetable consumption, which has resulted in adult overweight status but not a.Undernutrition b.Micronutrient deficiencies c.Obesity d.None of the above

QUESTION 6 According to Popkin, some of the major technological clashes with human biology contributing to the obesity pandemic include a.Infant formula b.Edible oil revolution c.Sanitation d.Antibiotics

QUESTION 7 According to Popkin, ________ is one of the few low or middle-income countries to aggressively move against sugar-sweetened beverages and other high-calorie, less healthful beverages. a.Russia b.Kuwait c.Mexico d.None of the above

QUESTION 8 According to Popkin, one of the limitations of the current research on obesity in low and middle-income countries is the focus on women of child bearing age and __________ a.adolescents b.preschoolers c.the elderly d.None of the above QUESTION 9 More people in the world are now overweight or obese than underweight. True False

QUESTION 10 Popkin says that the overarching trend that is encouraging all these challenges in diet and lifestyle which lead to obesity is __________ a.GMO's b.Pesticides c.Corporate farms d.Globalization

QUESTION 11 Iron deficiency is considered the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world True False

QUESTION 12 The WHO/UNICEF recommends giving breast milk alone for the first __________ months of life. a.12 b.3 c.6 d.4

QUESTION 13 Breastfeeding markedly improves an infant's chances of surviving the first 2 to 3 months of life. True False QUESTION 14 Breast milk can transmit HIV True False

QUESTION 15 Food security is not only dependent on food availability but also ______ a.GMO's b.Fertilizers c.Food Access

QUESTION 16 One of the populations at risk for undernutrition are the elderly True False

QUESTION 17 Diarrheal diseases and pneumonia are the two most common causes of death in children younger than five years of age in low-income countries True False

QUESTION 18 According to this week's lecture, 80% of arable land worldwide has lost productivity because of soil degradation True False

QUESTION 19 According to Merson, evidence is slowly accumulating that ______ among older persons is an immense and growing problem in low- and middle-income countries. a.iodine deficiency b.malaria c.vitamin a deficiency d.undernutrition

QUESTION 20 Which is labeled the most common preventable cause of mental retardation a.Iodine deficiency b.Vitamin D deficiency c.Copper deficiency d.Zinc deficiency

ceriseminnow141

PLEASE HELP ME ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION 1 The nutrition transition is driven by three major ecologic factors; demographics, urbanization and changes in a.Longevity b.Standard or living c. Dietary trends

QUESTION 9 More people in the world are now overweight or obese than underweight. True False

QUESTION 11 Iron deficiency is considered the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world True False

QUESTION 12 The WHO/UNICEF recommends giving breast milk alone for the first __________ months of life. a.12 b.3 c.6 d.4

QUESTION 13 Breastfeeding markedly improves an infant's chances of surviving the first 2 to 3 months of life. True False

QUESTION 14 Breast milk can transmit HIV True False

QUESTION 15 Food security is not only dependent on food availability but also ______ a.GMO's b.Fertilizers c.Food Access

QUESTION 16 One of the populations at risk for undernutrition are the elderly True False

QUESTION 17 Diarrheal diseases and pneumonia are the two most common causes of death in children younger than five years of age in low-income countries True False

QUESTION 18 According to this week's lecture, 80% of arable land worldwide has lost productivity because of soil degradation True False

QUESTION 20 Which is labeled the most common preventable cause of mental retardation a.Iodine deficiency b.Vitamin D deficiency c.Copper deficiency d.Zinc deficiency

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BIOM1060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Lymphatic System, Body Composition, Thymus

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