MEDI7212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Sodium Chloride, Cardiology, Tachycardia
Document Summary
Cardiac causes most common is impaired myocardial function (cardiomyopathy) secondary to one or more of the following: htn. Idiopathic dilatation: diabetes, alcohol excess, obesity, drug toxicity, other causes, arrhythmias, valve dysfunction, pericardial disease. Other non- cardiac causes: hypovolaemia (dehydration or hemorrhage, pe, high output states (anemia, septicaemia, thyrotoxicosis, clinical presentation. Focused cardiorespiratory history: peripheral and/or pulmonary oedema, unilateral or bilateral, major causes - heart, lung, kidney or liver failure, low albumin, check past medical hx, medications. Examination: vital signs - temp, pulse, bp, rr, o2 sats. ), murmurs: peripheral perfusion and oedema, air entry, crepitations, rhonchi. Severe dyspnea: distress, pallor, tachycardia, poor peripheral perfusion, atypical - delirium, falls in elderly. Investigations: echo (heart us, normal systolic function. Impaired relaxation in diastole termed "diastolic heart failure" or synonymously "heart failure with normal systolic function" (hfnsf): ecg, chest xr. Laboratory tests - troponin, bnp, fbc, uec, elfts, abg, glucose, urinalysis. Inflammatory markers: respiratory function test, urine collection.
