NUTR1023 Lecture Notes - Lipoprotein Lipase, Relative Risk, Peripheral Artery Disease
2.1
• How much does physical activity reduce pain and disability in
those with knee arthritis?
• 1 hour of exercise (mostly walking) 3 times a week reduced
pain/disability by 47%
•
• How much does physical activity, with other lifestyle
interventions, reduce the progression to diabetes in those at risk?
• 1 hour of treatment 3 times a week with other lifestyle
changes reduced progression by 58%
•
• Describe the benefits of having high cardiorespiratory fitness.
• Severely increases the attributable fraction
•
• Explain the amount of exercise required to achieve health benefits.
• Max difference seen in 20-30mins a day
•
• Describe the health risks associated with prolonged sitting.
• Sitting and watching tv for 6 hours a day reduces expected
lifespan by 5 years
• 1 hour of exercise 3 times a week reduced
• knee arthritis pain/disability by 47%
• Progression of alzheimer's/dementia by 50%
• Reduced Frank diabetes by 58% when coupled with other
lifestyle interventions
• Post-menopausal women who had four hours a week of
treatment had a 41% reduction in the risk of hip fracture
• Reduced anxiety by 48%
• 30% reduction in depression for LOW dose, 47% reduction
for HIGHER dose
• 23% lower risk of death (in 10,000 harvard alumni over 12
years)
• Best treatment for fatigue
• Attributable fraction = the percentage of the deaths in a
population that could have been avoided if a certain risk factor was
erased
• E.g. turning a smoker into a non-smoker etc
• Low fitness (low CRF = cardiorespiratory fitness) was the biggest
predictor of death
• 67% of dog walkers achieve 150 minutes a week with just walking the
dog
2.2
Thursday, 7 December 2017
11:52 am
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• PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH
• Being physically active could reduce your risk of coronary heart
disease (bus driver/train conductor study)
• Primary prevention: prevention before disease occurs, focus on
healthy individuals
• Secondary prevention: reduction of progression of an existing
disease, focus on people with diagnosed disease/risk factors
• Physical activity = any bodily movement that involves skeletal
musclesPhysical exercise = subtype of physical activity, involves
planned, structured and repetitive movement (often aim to lose
weight)Physical fitness = ability to meet the demands of daily life safely
without undue fatigue
• In an athletic context, fitness components (incl. strength, speed,
endurance, power) relate to the ability to successfully perform
skilled activities and athletic events
• PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY
• People with physical activity have lower risk of early death from
all causes
• Normally conducted via cohort studies
◦ Approx 30% reduction of risk of early death in the active
members of the cohort
• However, this only shows association not causation (cohort
studies have many possible confounds)
• Dose-response curve shows that the biggest benefit is for going
from no activity to some activity
◦ Less relative increase between lots of activity, to slightly
more activity
◦ This is based both on intensity of activity and volume (i.e.
energy expenditure, and time)
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•
TEXTBOOK READING: Physical activity:
• Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that results in
energy expenditure
• Energy expenditure measured as heat production
◦ Kilocalorie (kcal) = amount of energy needed to heat 1kg of
water by 1ºC
◦ 1kcal = 4.184 kJ (kilojoules)
◦ Kilocalorie also called a calorie wtf a kilocalorie should be a
thousand calories you fuckwits
• Total calories expended by a physical activity is affected by
◦ Amount of a person’s muscle mass that is producing bodily
movement
◦ Intensity, duration, and frequency of muscular contraction
•
Physical Exercise:
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