PHIL1002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Color Blindness, Inductive Reasoning, Undressed
Document Summary
Phil1002 the structure of an argument: premises [things we take or assume to be true], conclusions [from premises, from premises to conclusion= inferring. In a valid argument the premises entail the conclusion. In an invalid argument the premises do not entail the conclusion. Fred is blue: validity and the truth are unconnected. As long as an argument makes logical sense it is valid: a sounds argument is a valid argument with true premises. Fred is a mammal: an unsound argument is either invalid or has false premises. Fred is scared: the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion. Induction: the conclusion is coherent with the premises, but the truth of the premises does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion. In such cases the argument is always invalid: there are two main modes of inductive reasoning: analogy and generalisation, descartes is a rationalist:
