POLS1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Interconnectivity, Jus Ad Bellum, Boko Haram
Lecture 10 - The Changing Character of Warfare
Political Actors
Terrorism
state control of violence has been rivalled
ad hoc terrorism - individuals using violence to affect political change
people using violence as they feel they have no other means to affect change
Four Waves of Terrorism - the institutions being attacked have changed over time
Different cycles of violence - expand, contract, flow across nation states
anarchist
nationalist - throwing off power of the British/imperial powers
marxist
religious fundamentalist
new characteristics emerge that define each wave and relate to changes in the
state and state system
State responses:
internal + external policies
Bush and the Global War on Terror
reacted to 9/11 by positioning terrorism within framework of a states-based
international system
situated transnational terror in a way that states could deal with - ie through
traditional warfare
how useful was this?
unpredictable nature transnational terrorism
this requires a flexibility of response
transnational violence possible
porous state borders enable flows of people
Perception that this form of terrorism is new is debated within literature
Technology
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either a place for personal liberation, creation of structures of int. cooperation, and
greater citizen mobilisation, or an extension of some of the most dangerous and
ungoverned parts of the world - a failed space with the potential to breed real
threats
Interconnectivity between places and spaces of resistance
Radicalisation can occur anywhere
tradition recruitment tools of kinship etc are not necessary
Diaspora connected to the homeland via tech.
Ability of terrorists to reach a much broader audience - undermines authority of state
control
tech.as fundraising tool - state sponsorship has decreased significantly over time
Drones
Post-cold war - aerial reconnaissance during Bosnia and Kosovo
Following 9/11 - used for targeted attacks against Al Qaeda
drones and Just War
seen as more targeted and proportional
minimal violence in comparison to intervention
more proportional response
ethical questions:
second-strike practice
results in more civilian deaths
Radicalisation tool - community backlash
Violation of state sovereignty
insurgents are now using drones
cheap, easy to procure and attach devices to
can surveil the surveillance
Surveillance
satellite technology
google earth
geospatial tech - analyse images and patterns of dirt
human rights groups can use this to find evidence of graves, movement of
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Document Summary
Lecture 10 - the changing character of warfare. Perception that this form of terrorism is (cid:1684)new(cid:1685) is debated within literature. Radicalisation can occur anywhere tradition recruitment tools of kinship etc are not necessary. Ability of terrorists to reach a much broader audience - undermines authority of state control tech. as fundraising tool - state sponsorship has decreased significantly over time. Post-cold war - aerial reconnaissance during bosnia and kosovo. Following 9/11 - used for targeted attacks against al qaeda drones and just war seen as more targeted and proportional minimal violence in comparison to intervention more proportional response ethical questions: second-strike practice results in more civilian deaths. Violation of state sovereignty insurgents are now using drones cheap, easy to procure and attach devices to can surveil the surveillance. Boko haram attack in nigeria dual use civilians - sos on houses and fields governments - can hide evidence. Developed over time into a tradition, rather than theory.
