PSYC1020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Medial Longitudinal Fissure, Cerebral Cortex, Grey Matter
PSYC1020: Neuroanatomy
• Cognitive neuroscience
➢ Physiological psychology/biological psychology.
➢ Study of neural (brain) basis of behaviour and thought.
➢ Empathy & neural mirroring processes.
• The brain:
➢ = -2% body weight
➢ -20% of blood pumped from heart to brain
➢ Consumes -20% odys eergy
➢ 100 billion neurons
➢ 1,000,000 billion synapse connections between neurons
Size and intelligence do NOT correlate!
• Neuroanatomy
Overview:
➢ Brain anatomy and terminology
➢ Neuroanatomy of brain function (what specific functions are localised to specific
areas of the brain?)
➢ History: rai appig.
• Major parts of the brain:
➢ Cerebrum – cerebral hemispheres forebrain. Two hemispheres, divided by a
longitudinal fissure (the inter-hemispheric fissure).
➢ Cerebellum – hind brain
➢ Brain stem.
More folding on the brain = more cortex. Certain animals have more folding on the brain
than humans, so more cortex, e.g. dolphins. Some have less.
Cerebral cortex = grey matter of the brain; the outermost layer. It is 2-4mm thick. The
cerebral cortex contains cell bodies of neurons. It is highly folded to maximise the amount of
cortex which can fit under the skull.
(The white matter of the brain is underneath).
• Brain terminology:
➢ Top = superior/dorsal
➢ Bottom = inferior/ventral
➢ Back = posterior
➢ Front = anterior
➢ Left = lateral
➢ Right = medial
• Neuroanatomy of function: what do different parts of the brain do?
➢ What are primary areas of the brain?
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Document Summary
Study of neural (brain) basis of behaviour and thought. Empathy & neural mirroring processes: the brain: 20% of blood pumped from heart to brain. Size and intelligence do not correlate: neuroanatomy. Neuroanatomy of brain function (what specific functions are localised to specific areas of the brain?) History: (cid:271)rai(cid:374) (cid:858)(cid:373)appi(cid:374)g(cid:859): major parts of the brain: Two hemispheres, divided by a longitudinal fissure (the inter-hemispheric fissure). More folding on the brain = more cortex. Certain animals have more folding on the brain than humans, so more cortex, e. g. dolphins. Cerebral cortex = grey matter of the brain; the outermost layer. The cerebral cortex contains cell bodies of neurons. It is highly folded to maximise the amount of cortex which can fit under the skull. (the white matter of the brain is underneath): brain terminology: Primary motor cortex damage > loss of some neurons > loss of movement. (e. g. in stroke). Primary visual cortex = in the back (posterior) of the brain.
