PSYC1020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Myelin, Oligodendrocyte, Microglia
PSYC1020: Neurons and Action Potentials
• Cells of the brain
➢ Neurons
➢ Glial cells
• Basic structure and function
➢ Cell body, axons, dendrites
• Sending signals
➢ Action potentials
• Synapses
➢ Neurotransmitters, receptors, ion channels
• Neurons:
➢ Underlying mechanisms of brain
➢ Explanations (how things work) at different scales
• Different scales in psychology:
➢ Social group/community —> person —> brain —> neural circuits/networks —>
neuron —> synapse —> molecules
• Neural communication in the brain
➢ INPUT TO OUTPUT, COMMUNICATION ACROSS THE NEURON:
➢ Dendrites
➢ Cell body
➢ Axon
➢ Myelin
➢ Terminal button
• Dendrites are unique to neurons. They receive signals (input zone). Many per neuron.
• Axons are unique to neurons. Sends signals. ONE per neuron. Wrapped/coated in myelin –
essential for the transmission of signals along the neuron.
• Axon terminal/terminal boutons – forms synapses with another neuron, send information to
that neuron.
• Glial cells:
➢ Supporting cells for neurons
➢ Three types:
1. Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath
2. Astrocytes: suppl utriets fro lood to euros aitai lood-brain
arrier.
3. Microglia: rais iue sste. Clea up foreig/toi sustaes.
• Myelin of axons:
➢ Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheath by wrapping around axon several times.
➢ Essential for efficient neural communication – for propagation of signals along axon.
• Synapses:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Psyc1020: neurons and action potentials: cells of the brain. Glial cells: basic structure and function. Cell body, axons, dendrites: sending signals. Explanations (how things work) at different scales: different scales in psychology: Social group/community > person > brain > neural circuits/networks > neuron > synapse > molecules: neural communication in the brain. Terminal button: dendrites are unique to neurons. Many per neuron: axons are unique to neurons. Wrapped/coated in myelin essential for the transmission of signals along the neuron: axon terminal/terminal boutons forms synapses with another neuron, send information to that neuron, glial cells: Three types: oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath, astrocytes: suppl(cid:455) (cid:374)utrie(cid:374)ts fro(cid:373) (cid:271)lood to (cid:374)euro(cid:374)s (cid:894)(cid:373)ai(cid:374)tai(cid:374) (cid:858)(cid:271)lood-brain (cid:271)arrier(cid:859)(cid:895), microglia: (cid:271)rai(cid:374)(cid:859)s i(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)e s(cid:455)ste(cid:373). Clea(cid:374) up foreig(cid:374)/to(cid:454)i(cid:272) su(cid:271)sta(cid:374)(cid:272)es: myelin of axons: Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheath by wrapping around axon several times. Essential for efficient neural communication for propagation of signals along axon: synapses: Join axon terminals of one neuron to dendrites of another neuron for transmission of signals.
