PSYC1020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Naturalistic Observation
PSYC1020: Research Methods
• To what degree has the researcher structured their observations?
➢ (IN ORDER OF LESS —> MORE STRUCTURED):
➢ Introspection (basically looking inside at oneself)
➢ Naturalistic observation
➢ Case history
➢ Survey
➢ Test
➢ Correlate
➢ Experiment
• Why we need controlled observations:
➢ Stoy of lee Has
➢ Late 19th Cent. Germany
➢ Story of a horse. Demonstrated how people interact with their pets.
➢ Hose ould ase aths uestios fo oe y tappig hoof the
correct number of times.
➢ Mostly correct!
➢ What else ight Has the hose udestad?
➢ Started to ask verbal questions with an alphanumerical chart for his hoof
taps.
➢ E.g. uestio: hat is the Quees ae?
➢ Mostly correct again!
➢ Note: as far as we know, no money was made on this.
➢ Scientists were brought in to investigate Hans the horse.
➢ Isolated horse from owner. Asked questions again.
➢ Still mostly correct answers!
➢ Psychologist studying Hans not satisfied with this result.
➢ Looked Hans in the eye as he uestioed hi. Has ouldt tap his hoof.
➢ Moved away and noticed he looked down at the hoof when he asked another
question
➢ Hans began tapping until the psychology student looked away!
➢ The horse was simply responding to multiple non-verbal cues all along!
• INTROSPECTION
➢ Lookig ithi
➢ Systeati oseatio of oes o osiousess
➢ Geeally aopaied y a eal epot of oes oseatios
➢ Non-sietifi paadigs of ealy etalisti psyhology
➢ (Though, still underlies some contemporary self-report methods).
• NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
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Document Summary
(in order of less > more structured): Experiment: why we need controlled observations: Ho(cid:396)se (cid:449)ould (cid:858)a(cid:374)s(cid:449)e(cid:396)(cid:859) (cid:373)aths (cid:395)uestio(cid:374)s f(cid:396)o(cid:373) o(cid:449)(cid:374)e(cid:396) (cid:271)y tappi(cid:374)g hoof the correct number of times. (cid:858)what else (cid:373)ight ha(cid:374)s the ho(cid:396)se u(cid:374)de(cid:396)sta(cid:374)d? (cid:859) Started to ask verbal questions with an alphanumerical chart for his hoof taps. E. g. (cid:395)uestio(cid:374): (cid:858)(cid:449)hat is the quee(cid:374)(cid:859)s (cid:374)a(cid:373)e? (cid:859) Note: as far as we know, no money was made on this. Scientists were brought in to investigate hans the horse. Psychologist studying hans not satisfied with this result. Looked hans in the eye as he (cid:395)uestio(cid:374)ed hi(cid:373). Moved away and noticed he looked down at the hoof when he asked another question. Hans began tapping until the psychology student looked away! The horse was simply responding to multiple non-verbal cues all along! Ge(cid:374)e(cid:396)ally a(cid:272)(cid:272)o(cid:373)pa(cid:374)ied (cid:271)y a (cid:448)e(cid:396)(cid:271)al (cid:396)epo(cid:396)t of o(cid:374)e(cid:859)s o(cid:271)se(cid:396)(cid:448)atio(cid:374)s. (though, still underlies some contemporary self-report methods): naturalistic observation. Objectively studying events as they naturally occur without intervention.
