TOUR1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Australia Icomos, Nabataeans, Tourism In Australia
Lecture Wk5: Cultural Heritage Management and
sustainable Tourism
Thursday, 22 March 2018
00:37
Exam Refreshers:
1. Which of these is not a form of intangible cultural heritage?
a. Traditional Craftsmanship
b. cultural manifestation
c. Performing Arts
d. Oral traditions and expressions
2. Which of these is not a wonder of the modern world?
a. Westminster Abbey
b. The great wall of china
c. the colosseum
d. Christ the redeemer
3. Playing musical instruments is traditionally seen as a taboo for which religion?
a. Islam
b. Christianity
c. Buddhism
d. Hinduism
4. In which country is it rude to be late?
a. Japan
b. Korea
c. Pakistan
d. Germany
Challenge of global cultures and tourism
• Within the developing world, cultural tourism can be problematic
~ lack of suitable management structures
~ different standards of accepted behaviour (different customs)
• Pressure on cultural festivals and art festivals to perform in a more business like manner in
order to secure funding
• Term used called the "two-edged sword"
• The challenge is how to find balance
~ between tourism and cultural management
~ between the consumption of extrinsic values by tourists and conservation/safe guard
of the intrinsic values by cultural managers
Cultural tourism and global futures
• To essentially overcome difficulties in cultural management (within a domestic an
international context) such as the conservation of tangible and intangible assets, tourism
organisations will need to essentially focus on two strategies with managerial importance:
1. Cultural heritage management
2. Sustainable tourism
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Cultural extinction
• History
~ culture is essential for human beings since it is the key for people to identify
themselves and fit in the groups
~ the similarities between the lifestyles of a people and their descendants pass on,
gradually developing a cultural heritage
• Nowadays with globalisation
~ because of the increasing globalisation and cultural invasions, more and more unique
cultures are disappearing and endangered
~ on one side, it helps countries to communicate more and develop faster, but on the
other side, it may decrease a country's unique cultural groups, especially for the groups
with a small populations
• Cultural extinction: includes the loss of language, traditions, habits, and customs. Like the
various species of animals and plants, cultures can become extinct as well
Lack of cultural heritage can lead to cultural extinction
• Cultural heritage: the record of a people manifest in the tangible (cultural relics, handicrafts,
monuments, historic towns and villages) and intangible (literature, theatre, music, folk
customs) heritage of their culture
• Many cultures have been extinct throughout the years (some well documented, others no so)
~ the Nabateans
~ the Mycenaeans
Civilisations- why they may go extinct
1. Environmental changes (climate change)
2. Natural disasters (volcanos, droughts)
3. Invasion (biblical times/Norman conquest)
4. Lack of resources (crops, hunting livestock, trade route changes)
5. Social and political factors
Mayan culture
• Based in South Eastern Mexico
• A.D. 250, the Maya cultures rose to prominence in Southern Mexico, ended by A.D. 1200
• The Maya developed as leaders in astronomy, calendar systems, math (explicit zero) and
hieroglyphic writing. Also developed sophisticated engineering to build the pyramids and
pavilions
• However, even though the language and some traditions of the Maya survive now, the
civilisation was lost
• Reason for disappearance
~ deforestation and climate change are widely agreed by scholars
~ Peasants revolt
Cultural heritage management
• Cultural heritage management: s the systematic practice of implementing elements of
established codes and charters of conservation principles to preserve cultural heritage assets
for present and future generations
• The main goal of cultural heritage management is to conserve a representative sample of our
tangible and intangible heritage for future generations
Why?
~ The speed with which the world is changing is fast- that much of our heritage is at risk
of being lost either through its physical destruction or the loss of knowledge.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
~ CHM seems to establish a formal system to identify and conserve this heritage
for the future.
~ Representative sample acknowledges that not everything can or should be conserved,
only the best or the most representative of all that has gone before.
Cultural heritage management - challenges
1. No single entity- Rarely no formal single agency responsible for entire cultural heritage sites
usually exists
~ Many organisations (e.g. govt, tourism, residents, conservation will have their differing
views)
2. Bureaucracy- The layer of govt that is facilitating a study or planning exercise and where it
sits in a bureaucracy can influence the way use decisions for cultural assets are made.
3. Revenue generation and allocation- where does the money go?
4. Corruption- it there extortion, fair trading etc. (ticketing)?
Conservations VS Preservation
• Conservation has a different connotation than preservation.
• Preservation implies keeping something safe from harm or loss, often by hiding it away.
• Conservation implies the wise use of resources.
• A key element of cultural heritage management is to make conserved heritage accessible
physically and intellectually for use, enjoyment and education.
• As such, cultural heritage managers are expected to plan for a heritage asset’s presetatio
and interpretation as an important part of its ongoing conservation and management
(ICOMOS 1999)
Conservation
• Good presentation of objects/places means their intrinsic cultural values are interpreted in
such a way that all kinds of visitors understand them.
1. Making things accessible does not necessarily mean free and open access to all.
~ Access must be managed carefully to ensure that the tangible values of the asset are
not damaged or the intangible values compromised.
2. A balance between education and entertainment must be achieved- museum (education),
theme parks (entertainment)
Conservation and adaptive re-use
• Can be the economic rationale to conserve both built heritage and the social fabric of ethnic
neighborhoods through adaptive reuse.
• Just need to ensure that the physical fabric compromises the intangible heritage (e.g.
churches)
UNESCO Conservation Process
~ spirit of place
~ Passion and dedication
~ Technical Achievement
~ Private section initiatives
~ Community
~ Sustainability
~ Pride and Ownership
~ Empower and Inspire
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture wk5: cultural heritage management and sustainable tourism. Exam refreshers: which of these is not a form of intangible cultural heritage? a. Traditional craftsmanship b. cultural manifestation c. performing arts d. oral traditions and expressions: which of these is not a wonder of the modern world? a. westminster abbey b. The great wall of china c. the colosseum d. christ the redeemer: playing musical instruments is traditionally seen as a taboo for which religion? a. islam b. christianity c. buddhism d. hinduism. In which country is it rude to be late? a. japan b. korea c. pakistan d. germany. Challenge of global cultures and tourism: within the developing world, cultural tourism can be problematic. ~ between the consumption of extrinsic values by tourists and conservation/safe guard of the intrinsic values by cultural managers. ~ culture is essential for human beings since it is the key for people to identify themselves and fit in the groups.
