7120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Caffeine
21 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 10 – LEARNING AND MEMORY (chapter 12)
Categories of learning
- classical conditioning
opioneered by Ivan pavlov
opairing two stimuli changes the response to one of them
conditioned stimulus
unconditioned stimulus
o
- Operant conditioning
oIndividuals response followed by reinforce or punishment
oReinforcers
Events that increase the probability that the response will occur again
oPunishment
Events that decrease the probability that the response will occur again
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o
o
Lashleys search for the engram
- Engram
oA physical representation of what had been learned
oEg a connection btw two brain areas
oHypothesis: a knife cut between the two brain areas should abolish the newly
learned response
Hypothesis disproven
- The experiments showed that learning and memory do not rely on a single cortical area
- Principles about the nervous system
oEquipotentiality: all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex functioning
behaviours eg learning
oMass action: the cortex works as a whole, and more cortex is better
The modern search for the engram
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- Richard f Thompson and coleagues
oClassical conditioning engram is located in the cerebellum, not the cortex
- Lateral interpositus nucleus LIP identified as central for learning
oResponses increase as learning proceeds
- However, a change in a brain area does not necessarily mean that learning took place in that
area
-
oRabbit brain
o‘froze’ sections of the brain
Types of memory
- Hebb 49’ differentiated between two types of memory
oShort term memory; memory of events that have just occurred
About 7 things at a time
oLong term memory: memory of events from times further back
Difference between short term memory
- Short term memory has a limited capacity, but long term memory does not
- Short term memory fades quickly without rehearsal, while long term memories persist
- Long term memories can be stimulated with a cue/hint
oShort term memories cannot
From short to long term memory
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 10 learning and memory (chapter 12) Categories of learning classical conditioning: pioneered by ivan pavlov, pairing two stimuli changes the response to one of them conditioned stimulus unconditioned stimulus o. Operant conditioning: individuals response followed by reinforce or punishment, reinforcers. Events that increase the probability that the response will occur again: punishment. Events that decrease the probability that the response will occur again o o. Engram: a physical representation of what had been learned, eg a connection btw two brain areas, hypothesis: a knife cut between the two brain areas should abolish the newly learned response. The experiments showed that learning and memory do not rely on a single cortical area. Principles about the nervous system: equipotentiality: all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex functioning behaviours eg learning, mass action: the cortex works as a whole, and more cortex is better. Richard f thompson and coleagues: classical conditioning engram is located in the cerebellum, not the cortex.
