HPE110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Osteoporosis, Reciprocal Inhibition, List Of Flexors Of The Human Body
HB101 Lecture 10
Todas Leture
Posture
Developmental
Maintenance
Deficiencies
Assessment
Flexibility
Types of stretching
Mechanical theories
Performance implications
Injury implications
Posture
Aesthetics
Functional
Pathology/Injury
Spine alignment
Posture & Proportionality
Performance
Evolutionary Changes to Posture
Change from quadrupedalism to bipedalism
Weight bearing stress on the vertebrae
C shaped spie to a S shape ridge to pole
Vertebrae have enlarged - support
Foot structure less prehensile (grab) better weight bearing
Change from quadrepedalism to bipedalism
Spinal mobility
Vertebrae have enlarged
Vertebrae have also changed
shape to enable ROM, but
therefore instability (specifically twisting)
Weight bearing lumbar coupled
with mobility often results in
injury
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Posture and Development
Foetal spine curves primarily thoracic and sacral
C shaped to S shaped spine
Cervical and lumbar curves develop with mobility
Cervical – 6 months, head stabilisation
Lumbar – crawling and walking
Walking development
Lumbar spine
Legs invert and internally rotate
Varus (birth) to valgus (3 yrs) to normal (6 yrs)
Foot arches develop
Gait development - loading
All aid mobility and balance of the
centre of gravity
Maintaining An Upright Stance
Complex coordination between the skeletal, muscular;
Passive tendon stiffness
and neural system
Automated movement (no conscious effort)
Highly regulated by stretch reflexes
Standing is an internal balancing act
We are never standing still!
Posture and Efficiency
Good Posture
1. Bones aligned/balanced vertically
2. Line of gravity runs through joints
3. Inferior bones support the weight of superior structures
4. Minimal muscular energy requirement
5. Also less stress to surrounding tissues
6. A major argument for core
stability benefits
Poor Posture
Line of gravity outside of joint centres
Requires muscular effort
Can increase tissue stretch
Can lead to muscle imbalance
Short/long; Weak/strong
Computer posture
Excessive trunk flexion for prolonged periods
Shortens pectoralis
Lengthens erector spinae
Stress to vertebral ligaments and discs
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Document Summary
(cid:858)c(cid:859) shaped spi(cid:374)e to a(cid:374) (cid:858)s(cid:859) shape (cid:894)(cid:271)ridge to pole(cid:895) Foot structure less prehensile (grab) better weight bearing. Vertebrae have also changed shape to enable rom, but therefore instability (specifically twisting) Weight bearing lumbar coupled with mobility often results in injury. Foetal spine curves primarily thoracic and sacral. Cervical and lumbar curves develop with mobility. Varus (birth) to valgus (3 yrs) to normal (6 yrs) All aid mobility and balance of the centre of gravity. Line of gravity outside of joint centres. Excessive stability may not be the key. Over stabilising may excessively load joint forces e. g. landing with straight knees. Will provide some movement and skeleton allows rom. Primarily flat muscles with minimal tendons indicating primary stability functions (i. e. abdominals) The body adapts to what it is exposed to. Defect in one area results in accommodation in another (t(cid:449)o (cid:449)ro(cid:374)gs do(cid:374)"t (cid:373)ake a right!) Stretch anterior thoracic region; strengthen posterior region. Stret(cid:272)h hip fle(cid:454)ors; stre(cid:374)gthe(cid:374) a(cid:271)(cid:859)s a(cid:374)d glutes.
